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اثر سیلاب‌های ورودی از کشور افغانستان بر تغییرات کمی و کیفی منابع آب زیر زمینی دشت سیستان | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 7، شماره 2، تیر 1399، صفحه 463-479 اصل مقاله (2.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2020.290738.1222 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معین جهان‌تیغ1؛ منصور جهان تیغ* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
| 2دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر سیلاب‌های ورودی از کشور افغانستان بر تغییرات کمی و کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت سیستان است. به این منظور، ابتدا با تعیین مسیرهای انتقال سیلاب در دشت سیستان، ۱۶ حلقه چاهک که در مجاورت مسیر انتقال سیلاب احداث شده، انتخاب شد. در ادامه، تغییرات کمی منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقۀ سیستان در بازۀ زمانی 4 سال (1394- 1398) با به‌کارگیری معادلات بیلان آب زیرزمینی و هیدروگراف واحد در قبل و بعد از ورود سیلاب ضمن برآورد تغییرات حجم ذخیرۀ آبخوان و نیز مقایسۀ وضعیت بارندگی منطقه در دورۀ مشابه، بررسی شد. تغییرات کیفی آبخوان نیز با نمونهبرداری از چاهکهای مشاهداتی طی دورۀ بیلان و بررسی تغییرات زمانی پارامترهای کیفی آب از جمله هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و اسیدیته (pH) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. یافتهها نشان داد با جاری شدن سیلاب به طور میانگین تراز سطح آب در چاهکهای احداثی ۳۹/۰ متر افزایش و روند تغییرات آن همبستگی زیادی (85/۰R² =) با حجم سیلاب جاری‌شده در منطقه دارد. همچنین، بررسی هیدروگراف واحد دشت نیز بیانگر تغییرات محسوس سطح آب زیرزمینی در قبل و بعد از ورود سیلاب در منطقه است. به طوری که این دورۀ 4 ساله به طور متوسط 16/2 متر سطح آب نسبت به قبل از ورود سیلاب افزایش داشته و با جاری شدن سیلاب، 662/20 میلیون مترمکعب طی دورۀ بیلان به صورت طبیعی به حجم ذخیرۀ آبخوان اضافه شده و با توجه به کم بودن نزولات جوی در منطقه، تغذیۀ سفرههای آب زیرزمینی تحت تأثیر نزولات جوی ناچیز است. در بررسی تغییرات کیفی آب زیرزمینی نتایج بیانگر کاهش چشمگیر شاخص هدایت الکتریکی (EC) در چاهکهای مشاهداتی است که اختلاف معناداری در سطح ۰۱/۰ بین میانگین هدایت الکتریکی در قبل و بعد از ورود سیلاب دارد. همچنین، مقادیر اسیدیتۀ آب زیرزمینی نیز با جاری شدن سیلاب روند کاهشی دارد که به لحاظ آماری معنادار نیست. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، ورود جریانهای سیلابی ناشی از بارش در کشور افغانستان با تغذیۀ طبیعی آبخوان سبب بهبود وضعیت کمی و کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت سیستان شده که با توجه به بحران کمبود آب در منطقه، اجرای ﻃﺮحﻫﺎی آﺑﺨﻴﺰداری و ﺗﻐﺬﻳۀ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ بهمنظور حداکثر بهرهبرداری از این منابع آبی با نفوذ سیلاب در خاک و تزریق آن به منابع آب زیرزمینی میتواند گامی مؤثر در توسعۀ منابع آبی منطقه سیستان بهشمار آید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آب زیرزمینی؛ تغذیۀ طبیعی؛ دشت سیستان؛ سیلاب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the Effects of Incoming Floods from Afghanistan on the Quantitative and Qualitative Changes of Groundwater Resources in the Sistan Plain | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Moien Jahantigh1؛ Mansour Jahantigh2 | ||
| 1Ph.D Candidat in Watershed Management, Natural Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department Soil Conservation and Water Management, Sistan Agriculture and edition Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of this study was investigating the effects of incoming floods from Afghanistan on the quantitative and qualitative changes of groundwater resources in Sistan plain. For this purpose, first by determining the direction of flood flow in Sistan plain, 16 wells drilled near the flood flow were selected. Estimates of reservoir volume changes as well as comparison of rainfall in the region in the same period were made. In the following, using groundwater balance equations and single hydrograph equations before and after flood entry, quantitative changes in groundwater resources in Sistan region over a period of 4 years (1394-1398) were investigated. The qualitative changes in aquifer with sampling of observation wells during the balance and investigation of time changes in water quality parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC) and acidity (pH) was analyzed. The data shows that the floods increased the water level in the wells by an average of 0.39 meters the process of change has a high correlation (R² = 0.85) with the volume of floods in the region. Also, the hydrographic survey of the plain unit indicates significant changes in groundwater level before and after the flood in the area. As, during the 4-year period, the average water level is 2.16 meters higher than before Floods have increased. With the flooding amount of 20.66202 million cubic meters during the balance period, the reservoir volume has been naturally increased. Due to the low rainfall in the region, the nutrition of groundwater aquifers is affected by low rainfall. In examining the qualitative changes of groundwater, the results show a large decrease in the electrical conductivity index (EC) in observational wells. This change was significance difference at the level of 0.01 between the mean electrical conductivity before and after the flood. Also, groundwater acidity levels decreased with the arrival of floods, but were not statistically significant. According to the results obtained, Floods from Afghanistan with natural feeding of aquifers have improved the quantity and quality of groundwater in Sistan plain. Due to the water shortage crisis in the region, it can be considered an effective step in the development of water resources in Sistan region. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| flood, Ground water, Natural recharge, Siatan plain | ||
| مراجع | ||
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