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تأثیر کمآبیاری بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب چند محصول عمده در جیرفت | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 8، آبان 1399، صفحه 2137-2148 اصل مقاله (1.05 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.284116.668336 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عاطفه افشار1؛ پرویز حقیقت جو* 2؛ فاطمه کاراندیش3؛ ام البنی محمدرضاپور4؛ شاپور کوهستانی5 | ||
| 1دانشجو/گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی/مهندسی آب، آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی/ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 4عضو هیئت علمی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 5رئیس دانشگاه/ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب در گندم (چمران2)، کلزا (هایولا50)، سیب‌زمینی (سانته) و ذرت (704) تحت سطوح مختلف آبیاری، پژوهشی طی دو سال زراعی 96 و 97 بهصورت آزمایشهای بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و کشاورزی جیرفت انجام شد. میزان آبیاری در سه سطح 50، 75، 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاهان بود. صفات عملکرد، وزن بیوماس، شاخص برداشت و کارایی مصرف آب برای گیاهان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح آبیاری در هر دو سال زراعی بر عملکرد دانه، وزن بیوماس و کارایی مصرف آب گیاهان مختلف در سطح 1 درصد و شاخص برداشت در سطح 5 درصد معنیدار است. با افزایش آب آبیاری، صفات عملکرد و وزن بیوماس در همه گیاهان بهطور معنیداری افزایش یافت. تحت دو سطح آبیاری 100 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه، بهترتیب سیب‌زمینی و کلزا، بیشترین (65/0 تا 74/0) و کمترین (2/0 تا 25/0) شاخص برداشت را داشتند. از طرف دیگر، گیاهان سیب‌زمینی و کلزا بهترتیب بیشترین (68/10 تا 76/22 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) و کمترین (29/1 تا 84/1 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) کارایی مصرف آب را داشتند. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، میتوان آبیاری گیاهان با 75 درصد نیاز آبی را با توجه به کاهش کمتر عملکرد و کارایی بیشتر مصرف آب در منطقه جیرفت توصیه کرد. بهطور کلی، بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب بهترتیب در گیاهان سیب‌زمینی، گندم، ذرت و کلزا مشاهده شد. اما در شرایط آب و هوایی جیرفت، الگوی کشت متناوب سیب‌زمینی با ذرت با توجه به کارایی مصرف آب بیشتر، توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| واژه های کلیدی: تناوب زراعی؛ سیب‌زمینی؛ کم آبیاری؛ عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Several Main Crops in Jiroft | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| atefe afshar1؛ Parviz Haghighatju2؛ Fatemeh Karandish3؛ omolbani mohammadrezapour4؛ Shapour Kouhestani5 | ||
| 1student,water engineering department, soil and water faculty, zabol univercity, zabol, iran | ||
| 2faculty member, water engineering department, soil and water faculty, zabol univercity, zabol, iran | ||
| 3Water engineering Department, Water and Soil Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. | ||
| 4Faculty member, waterengineering department, soil and watre faculty, zabol univercity, zabol, iran | ||
| 5Water engineering department, agricultural faculty, Jiroft univercity. Jirot. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| ABSTRACT In order to investigate the yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Chamran 2), rapeseed (Hyola 50), potato (Sante) and corn (704) under different levels of irrigation, the present research was carried out in two years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 as complete randomized block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center of Jiroft. Irrigation levels were 50, 75 and 100 % of the crop's water requirement. The Yield, biomass, harvest index and water use efficiency were investigated for the proposed crops. The results showed that the effect of irrigation levels was significant during two years on grain yield, biomass and water use efficiency at 1% level and on harvest index at 5% level. By increasing irrigation water, both grain yield and biomass were increased significantly in all crops. Potato and rapeseed had the highest (0.65-0.74) and the lowest (0.20-0.25) water index, respectively. On the other hand, potato and rapeseed showed the highest (10.68-22.76 kg/m3) and the lowest (1.29-1.84 kg/m3) water use efficiency, respectively. The 75% irrigation level is recommended due to lower decrease in yield and higher increase in water use efficiency. In general, according to the results of this study, the highest water use efficiency was observed in potato, wheat, maize and rapeseed plants, respectively. Overall potato and maize rotation is recommended due to higher water use efficiency in Jiroft. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Keywords: Crop rotation, Deficit irrigation, Potato, yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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