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تأثیر رقابت منطقهای آمریکا و چین بر معادلات و نظم منطقهای در شرق آسیا | ||
پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
مقاله 15، دوره 53، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 243-264 اصل مقاله (924 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2020.279750.1007905 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حمید درج* 1؛ محمدعلی بصیری2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری روابط بینالملل دانشگاه گیلان | ||
2دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل دانشگاه اصفهان | ||
چکیده | ||
خیزش چین و ظهور آن بهعنوان بازیگر تأثیرگذار بینالمللی به واقعیتی انکارناپذیر در چند دهۀ اخیر تبدیل شده است. این مسئله برای ایالاتمتحده، که خود را تنها هژمون نظام بینالمللی میداند و دارای منافع امنیتی فراوانی در منطقة شرقآسیا است، تهدیدی امنیتی محسوب میشود. از اینرو، این مسئله امریکا را بر آن داشته است تا با پیگیری سیاست ائتلافسازی با کشورهای منطقه درصدد پاسخگویی و ایجاد موازنه در برابر قدرت روبه رشد چین برآید. در این راستا، مقالة پیشرو به دنبال پاسخگویی به این پرسش اصلی است که رقابت امریکا و چین در شرق آسیا چه تأثیری در معادلات و نظم این منطقه داشته است؟ فرضیۀ پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از آنجا که امریکا خود را تنها قدرت هژمونی جهان فعلی میداند، خیزش چین را آشکارا چالش و تهدیدی اساسی برای جایگاه جهانی خود برمیشمارد. بنابراین، امریکا با ایجاد روابط گستردۀ امنیتی و نظامی با کشورهای شرق آسیا، در تلاش برای مهار و انزوای پکن برآمده تا از این طریق محاسبات قدرت و ترتیبات امنیتی منطقه را در راستای اهداف و منافع واشنگتن و همپیمانان آن در منطقه شکل بخشد. امضای پیمان دفاعی- امنیتی اخیر بین امریکا و متحدان منطقهای خود، جنگ اقتصادی و افزایش تعرفههای تجاری ترامپ علیه پکن، دخالتهای مستمر در مسائل داخلی چین، برگزاری مستمر مانورهای نظامی در آبهای مورد مناقشة این کشور و… همگی در این راستا قابل ذکر است. نتیجۀ ملموس این اقدامات امریکا در سالهای اخیر به کاهش رشد اقتصادی چین از حدود 9درصد به 6درصد منجر شده است. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و در چارچوب نظریۀ موازنة تهدید شکل میگیرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
امریکا؛ چین؛ شرق آسیا؛ نظم منطقه ای؛ موازنۀ تهدید | ||
مراجع | ||
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