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اثر روشهای خاکورزی بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و بهرهوری آب ارقام گندم در تناوب گندم-ذرت | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 8، دوره 50، شماره 9، بهمن 1398، صفحه 2193-2200 اصل مقاله (552.41 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.275599.668122 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمد خرمیان* 1؛ سیدرضا اشرفی زاده2 | ||
1استادیارپژوهش بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران | ||
2استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این تحقیق برگرفته از نتایج طرحی است که با هدف بررسی اثر کاشت مستقیم ارقام گندم در بقایای ذرت، بر عملکرد و بهرهوری آب طی دو سال زراعی 96-95 و 97-96 انجام شده است. برای این منظور، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای نواری خرد شده در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در اراضی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی صفیآباد دزفول اجرا شد. کرت اصلی شامل روشهای بیخاکورزی (NT)، کمخاکورزی (MT) و خاکورزی مرسوم (CT) و کرت فرعی شامل ارقام گندم چمران2، مهرگان، شوش، فلات و داراب2 بودند. نتایج نشان داد با وجود اینکه اختلاف معنیداری بین نتایج روشهای خاکورزی مشاهده نشد، میانگین عملکرد ارقام در روش NT (Kg ha-1 4830) بیش از روش MT (Kgha-1 4610) و CT (Kgha-1 4680) بود. از طرفی میانگین عملکرد و بهره وری آب در ارقام مهرگان و چمران2 به ترتیب برابر Kg ha-1 5000 و kg m-3 25/1 در یک سطح و بالاتر از سه رقم دیگر حاصل شد. اگرچه در این تحقیق، کاهش تردد ماشینهای خاکورزی و کاشت از 6 تا 7 نوبت در روشهای MT و CT به 2 نوبت (سمپاشی و کاشت همزمان کود و بذر در بقایای ذرت دانهای) در روش NT تاثیر معنیداری در شاخص مخروطی و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک نداشت، کربن آلی خاک نسبت به دو روش دیگر خاکورزی 16 تا 32 درصد افزایش یافت. ازاینرو استفاده از ارقام جدید و کاشت مستقیم در بقایای ذرت بدون کاهش عملکرد و بهبود 3 تا 4 درصدی بهرهوری آب در مناطق مشابه توصیه میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ارقام گندم؛ بهرهوری آب؛ بیخاکورزی؛ جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک؛ شاخص مخروطی | ||
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