پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,960,130 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,633,621 |
بررسی اثرات کودهای شیمیایی بر تغییرات جمعیتی گونه های کرمهای خاکی | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 72، شماره 2، تیر 1398، صفحه 227-238 اصل مقاله (3.27 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2019.263915.1554 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجتبی یحیی آبادی1؛ امیرحسین حمیدیان* 2؛ سهراب اشرفی2 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی | ||
| 2دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کرمهای خاکی به دلیل نقش مهمی که در فرآیندهای زیستی، شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک دارند برای بسیاری از آزمونهای سمیت و ارزیابی‌های محیطی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌اند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین اثرات برخی کودهای شیمیایی بر فراوانی گونه‌های مختلف کرمهای خاکی به اجرا درآمد. پلات‌های آزمایشی به مساحت یک مترمربع در نظر گرفته شد. در هر پلات، از هریک از کودهای رایج و بر اساس آزمون خاک شامل کود اوره (Urea)، سولفات آمونیوم(AS)، دی آمونیوم فسفات(DAP)، سولو پتاس(Solupotas)، کود کامل ماکرو حاوی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم (NPK, 15-5-25)، ترکیب کود دامی پوسیده شده و کود کامل ماکرو (NPK+OM) به نسبت دو به یک و کود دامی(OM)، استفاده شد و پلات شاهد بدون مصرف هر نوع کود شیمیایی و دامی (Control)، در نظر گرفته شدند. بررسی فراوانی کرم‌ها در دو مرحله زمانی و در دو عمق 20-0 و 40-20 سانتیمتری خاک، انجام شد. در مرحله اول، بیست روز پس از افزودن کودها و در مرحله دوم، شصت روز پس از مصرف کودها، نمونه برداری از کرمهای خاکی و بررسی تغییرات در آنها انجام شد. تیمارها در سه تکرار اعمال شد و داده‌ها در قالب تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS تحلیل آماری شدند. نتایج مقایسات میانگین جمعیت کرم‌ها نشان داد که در روز بیستم و در عمق 20-0 سانتیمتری خاک، فراوانی گونه E. fetida در تیمارهای آمونیوم سولفات و اوره نسبت به تیمار شاهد، کاهش معنی‌دار یافته است. از بین کرم های اپی‌جئیک، گونه D. hortensis سازگاری بیشتری نشان داد و فراوانی آن در تیمار آمونیوم سولفات بیش از تیمار اوره بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که کرمهای گونه L. terrestris نسبت به گونه A. longa مقاومت بیشتری در برابر کودهای شیمیایی نشان دادند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کرم‌خاکی؛ آنسیک؛ اپی‌جئیک؛ کودهای شیمیایی و آلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effects of chemical fertilizers on population variations of different species of earthworms | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mojtaba Yahyabadi1؛ Amir Hossein Hamidian2؛ Sohrab Ashrafi2 | ||
| 2University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Earthworms have been used for many toxicity assay and environmental assessments because of the remarkable role they play in the biological, chemical and physical processes of the soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chemical fertilizers on the density of earthworms in the soil of an orchard. One square meter area was considered as experimental plot. Seven different types of fertilizers including Urea, Ammonium sulfate (AS), Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Solupotas, NPK (15-5-25), (NPK+OM) and organic manure (OM) as experimental treatments were studied, based on the soil test. Abundance of worms were evaluated in two stages of time and in 2 depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm of soil. In the first stage, 20 days after the addition of fertilizers, and in the second stage, 60 days after fertilization, earthworms were sampled and their number changes were measured. Treatments were applied in three replications and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (using the GLM process) by SPSS software. The results of the means comparison showed that on the 20th day, at 0-20 cm soil depth, E. fetida species abundance was decreased significantly in AS and Urea treatments compared to the control plot (p˂0.05). From epigeic group, D. hortensis species showed more compatibility and its population in AS treatment was more than that of Urea treatment. Results also showed that the anecic L. terrestris, had a greater tolerance to chemical fertilizers compared to the A. Longa species. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| earthworms, Anecic, Epigeic, Chemical and organic fertilizers | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abbiramy, K., and Ross PR. 2013. Determination of acute toxicity of NPK fertilizers to Eisenia foetida using a simple paper contact method. International Journal of Science and Research. 2:2. 415-417. Aira, M., Monroy, F., and Dominguez, J. 2006. C to N ration strongly affects population structure of Eisenia fetida in vermicomposting systems. European Journal of Soil Biology. 42: 127-131. Anderson, JR., 1978. Pesticide effects on non-target soil microorganisms. In: Pesticides Microbiology, I.R. Hill and S.J.L. Academic Press, London. pp. 313-33. Anderson, J.M., Ineson, P., and Huish, S.A. 1983. Nitrogen and cation mobilization by soil fauna feeding on leaf litter and soil organic matter from deciduous woodlands. Soil Biol. Biochem. 15: 463-467. Asawalam, D. 2006. Influence of cropping intensity on the production and properties of earthworm casts in a Leucaena alley cropping system. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 42: 506-512. Benton, J., 1999. Soil Analysis Handbook of Reference Methods. CRC Press Reference. 264 p. Bhattacharya, A., Sahu, SK., 2014. Lethal effect of urea on soil biota: a laboratory study on earthworm (Drawida willsi), Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 4(6): 64-72. Blakemore, R. J., 2008. Cosmopolitan Earthworms –an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Species. (3rd Edition). VermEcology, Yokohama, Japan. 757p. Bunemann, E.K., Schwenke, GD., Zwieten, LV., 2006. Impacts of agricultural inputs on soil organisms-a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 44(4): 379-406. Curry, J.P., 2004. Factors affecting the abundance of earthworms in soils. In: Edwards, C.A. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology. CRC press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 91–114. Curry, J.P., 1976. Some effects of animal manures on earthworms in grassland. Pedobiologica 16: 425-438. Curry, J.P., Doherty, P., Purvis, G., Schmidt, O., 2008. Relationship between earthworm populations and management intensity in cattle-grazed pastures in Ireland. Applied Soil Ecology 39(1): 58-64. Dash, MC., 1978. Role of earthworms in decomposer system. In: Glimpses of Ecology. J. S. Singh and B. Gopal (Eds). International Scientific Publishers, New Delhi, 309-406. Edwards, C.A., and Bohlen, P.J., 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. Chapman & Hall, London. 426p. Edwards, C.A., Bohlen, P.J., 1992. The effects of toxic chemicals on earthworms. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 125: 23-99. Edwards, C.A., and Lofty, J.R., 1982. Nitrogenous fertilizers and earthworm populations in agricultural soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 14: 515-521. Edwards, C.A., Bohlen, P.J., Linden, D.R., Subler, S., 1995. Earthworms and sustainable land use. In: Hendrix, P.F. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 215–231. Estevez, B., Dayegamiye, A., Coderre, D., 1996. The effect of earthworm abundance and selected soil properties after 14 years of solid cattle manure and NPKMg fertilizer application. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76: 351-355. Gerard, B.M., Hay, R.K.M., 1979. The effects on earthworms of ploughing cultivation, direct drilling and nitrogen cultivation in a barley monoculture system. Journal of Agricultural Science 93: 147-155. Hamidian, A. H., and Yahyaabadi, M., 2017. Application of bioindicators in soil ecosystem health monitoring (with emphasis on earthworms). Journal of land management. Volume 3, 2: 141-152. (In Persian). Hendrix, P.F., Mueller, B.R., Bruce, R.R., Langdale, G.W., Parmelee, R.W., 1992. Abundance and distribution of earthworms in relation to landscape factors on the Georgia Piedmont, USA. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24:1357–1361. Jordan, D., Miles, R.J., Hubbard, V.C., Lorenz, T., 2004. Effect of management practices and cropping systems on earthworm abundance and microbial activity in Sanborn Field: a 115-year-old agricultural field. Pedobiologia 48: 99–110. Liyue, Guo., Guanglei, Wu., Yong, Li., Caihong, Li., 2016. Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter, bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat–maize rotation system in Eastern China. Soil & Tillage Research 156: 140–147. Marhan, S., and Scheu, S., 2005. The influence of mineral and organic fertilizers on the growth of the endogeic earthworm Octolasion tyrtanum. Pedobiologia 49(3): 239-249. Lee, K.E., 1985. Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land Use. Academic Press, Sydney. pp. 411. Ma, W. C., Brussarrd, L. Ridder, J.A., 1990. Long term effects of nitrogenous fertilizers on earthworms and their relation to soil acidification. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 30: 71-80. Rai, N., Ashya, P. Rathore, D.S., 2014. Comparative Study of the Effect of Chemical Fertilizers and Organic Fertilizers on Eisenia fetida. International Journal of Innovative Research in science Engineering and Technology 3(5): 12991-12998. Romig, D.E., Garlynd, M.J., Harris, R.F., 1996. Farmer-based assessment of soil quality: a soil health scorecard. In: Doran, J.W., Jones, A.J. (Eds.), Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 39–59. Scullion, J. and Mohammed, A.R.A. l99l. Effects of sub soiling and associated incorporation of fertilizer on soil rehabilitation after opencast mining for coal. J. Agric. Sci. 116: 265-273. Sims, R.W., Gerard, B.M., 1999. Earthworms: Notes for the Identification of British Species. Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, London. pp. 169. Slater, C.S. 1984. Earthworms in relation to agriculture, U.S.D.A. Soil Survey Staff, 2010. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 11th ed. 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp. 539–579. Syers, JK, Springett, J.A., 1984. Earthworms and soil fertility. Plant and Soil 76 (3): 93-104. Timmerman, A., Bos, D., Ouwehand, J., Goede, R., 2006. Long-term effects of fertilization regime on earthworm abundance in a semi-natural grassland area. Pedobiologia 50: 427-432. Tindaon, F, Benckiser G, Ottow JCG., 2011. Side effects of nitrification on non-target microbial processes in soils. Journal of Tropical Soils 16(1): 7-16. Whalen, J.K., Parmelee, R.W., Edwards C.A., 1998. Population dynamics of earthworm communities in corn agroecosystems receiving organic or inorganic fertilizer amendments. Biology and Fertility of Soils 27: 400–407. Yahyaabadi, M., 2013. Worms eat my garbage. Nosooh publication. Iran. 176pp. (Translated in Persian). Yahyaabadi, M., 2016. Identifying native epigeic earthworms (vermicomposters) in Esfahan province. Research project final report no. 50825. Agricultural Scientific Information and Documentation Center (ASIDC). Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Zajonc, I., 1975. Variation in meadow associations of earthworms caused by the influence of nitrogen fertilizers and liquid manure irrigation. In: Proceedings 5th Int. Colloquium in soil zoology, Prague, Czech Republic. pp. 497-503. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 349 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 337 |
||