تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,105,999 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,211,392 |
ارائه استعاره نوآورانه برای دانشگاه تهران متناسب با عصر جدید با استفاده از پسزمینه فکری گروههای ذینفع | ||
سیاستگذاری عمومی | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 4، شماره 3، آذر 1397، صفحه 47-65 اصل مقاله (936.61 K) | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ppolicy.2018.68426 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فاطمه ثقفی1؛ علی محقر* 2؛ محمد علی برادران قهفرخی3؛ علیرضا اصلانی4؛ محمدحسن ملکی5 | ||
1دانشیار مدیریت دانشگاه تهران | ||
2استاد مدیریت دانشگاه تهران | ||
3دانشجوی دکتری آینده پژوهی دانشگاه تهران | ||
4استادیار انرژی های نو و محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران | ||
5استادیار مدیریت دانشگاه قم | ||
چکیده | ||
دانشگاه تهران به عنوان « نماد آموزش عالی کشور»، هنوز در بین 100 دانشگاه برتر آسیا قرار نگرفته است. دلیل این امر را باید در زیرساختهای فکری و ذهنی مؤسسان و ذینفعان جستجو کرد. هدف از این مقاله تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر آینده دانشگاه تهران و تبیین استعاره مناسب برای ایجاد تحول در لایه های سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی این دانشگاه است. به همین منظور از روش تحلیل لایه ای علتها استفاده شده و وضعیت دانشگاه در 4 لایه ظاهری، سیستمی، جهانبینی و استعاره ها از طریق مصاحبه عمیق با 4 دسته از ذینفعان اصلی دانشگاه یعنی دانشجویان، اساتید، کارکنان و مدیران بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با نگرشهای سنتی، دانشگاه تهران، تا 10 سال آینده تغییر بنیادینی نخواهد داشت. در ادامه برای اینکه دانشگاه بتواند با تغییرات عصر جدید خود را سازگار نماید 3 استعاره های جدید ابداع و بررسی شد. برنامه ریزی برای تحقق این استعاره باید با روش پس نگری انجام شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
استعاره؛ عصر جدید؛ ذینفعان؛ روش تحلیل لایهای؛ دانشگاه تهران | ||
مراجع | ||
1- بهزادی، ن، رضوی، م، حسینی، س، (1393). طراحی الگوی مفهومی دانشگاه کارآفرین با رویکرد کارآفرینی سازمانی، توسعه کارآفرینی، 7(4). ص 697 تا 713. 2- پور عزت، ع. آ.، قلی پور، آ.، آرین، ندیر خانلو، & سمیرا. (2010). شناسایی و اولویتبندی عوامل اثرگذار در تجاریسازی دانش در دانشگاهها (براساس مقایسهی روشهای پنج دانشگاه معتبر جهان). نشریه توسعه کارآفرینی، 3(7), 35-66. 3- تیشه یار، ماندانا. (1389). بررسی شیوه کارکرد الگوهای آیندهپژوهی در مطالعات استراتژیک، چهارمین همایش سالانه انجمن علوم سیاسی ایران،" ایران، سیاست، آیندهشناسی"، دانشگاه تهران. 4- ثقفی، ف. (1393). دستیابی به آینده مطلوب خدمات دولت الکترونیکی ایران در افق 1404. مبتنی بر روش پسنگری. انجمن علوم مدیریت ایران. 9(34). صفحه 125-144. 5- حاتمی، ح. (1389). ارائه یک مدل مدیریت استراتژیک اقتضایی در آموزش عالی، اولین کنفرانس سالانه مدیریت، نوآوری و کارآفرینی. 6- خزایی، س، جلیلوند، م، نصرالهی وسطی، ل.(1392). بررسی نظری روش تحلیل لایهای علتها در حوزه آیندهپژوهی. مطالعات آیندهپژوهی. 2(6). 7- قهرمانی، م. (1393). تدوین الگوی مدیریت استراتژیک آموزش عالی ایران، نشریه پژوهش های تربیتی، شماره 31. 8- جهرمی، آ، پورکریمی، ج.(1393). تحلیل نیروهای عامل بر دانشگاه کارآفرین و انتقال فناوری دانشگاهی، رویکرد میانرشتهای. فصلنامه رشد فناوری. 11(41). 9- خاجی، م، شاه حسینی، م، پورعزت، آ، اصغری زاده، ع. (1393). ارائه الگوی نظام مند برای انتخاب راهبرد استوار با رویکرد آینده پژوهانه، پژوهشهای مدیریت عمومی. 7(24). 10- روشن، آ. (1388(، راهکارهای تحقق اصل 33 قانون اساسی در بخش آموزش عالی، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری: طرح تحقیقاتی موسسه پژوهش و برنامهریزی آموزش عالی. 11- شریف زاده، ف، رضوی، زاهدی، ش. نجاری، ر. طراحی و تبیین الگوی عوامل موثر برکارآفرینی دانشگاهی (مطالعه موردی: دانشگاه پیام نور)، توسعه کارآفرینی، 2(6). 12- علامی، ع، قاسمی برقی، ر.(1391). ترسیم برنامه آینده دانشگاه علوم پزشکی: رویکرد سناریو پردازی. گامهای توسعه در آموزش پزشکی، مجله مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش پزشکی. 9(1). ص 101 تا 97. 13- عنایتی، ت، علی پور، ع.(1393). پیشنهاد مدل مراکز رشد زایشی علوم انسانی دانشگاهی حرکت به سمت دانشگاههای نسل چهارم، رشد فناوری. 10(39). 14- علایی، ع. (1391) مجله آموزش عالی ایران، 5(1)، 63-92. 15- فراستخواه. م. (1393). دانشگاه در عصر پسامدرن؛ تاملی در افق تحولات، فصلنامه نگاه نو، 23(101). ص 41. 16- فراستخواه، م. (1392). چهارچوبی مفهومی برای برنامه ریزی مبتنی بر آینده اندیشی در دانشگاه، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی. شماره 69، ص 1 تا 21. 17- ملکی نیا، ع، بازرگان، ع، واعظی، م و احمدیان، م. (1393). شناسایی و اولویتبندی مؤلفههای دانشگاه پایدار، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی، 20(3). ص 1 تا 26. 18- مهدی، ر. (1392). آیندهپژوهی در آموزش عالی: شرایط و ویژگیهای دانشگاههای سرآمد در آینده، مجله رهیافت، شماره 55. 19- میانداری، ک، سرلک، م، احمدی، ع، جلالیان، ن (1392). طراحی مدل سازمان آیندهگرا (نظام آموزش عالی)، مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی. 8(3). ص 63-80. 20- یزدان پناه، آ، سلطانی، آ. (1393). شناسایی و تحلیل روابط برنامهریزی راهبردی، قابلیت انعطافپذیری و عملکرد دانشگاهها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی؛ مورد پژوهی: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامهریزی در آموزش عالی، (3)20. 67-93. 21- Abd El Ghaffar, A., Alberding, K., Nicholsky, V. and Lai, A. (2005), Scenario Thinking: Vision 2020, St.Andrews University Press, St. Andrews. 22- Abeles, D.P. (2006), “Do we know the future of the university?”, On the Horizon, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 35-42. 23- Altbach, P. G. (2011). The past, present, and future of the research university. Economic and Political weekly, 65-73. 24- Altbach, P.G. and Knight, J. (2007), “The internationalization of higher education: motivations and realities”, Journal of studies in international education, Vol. 11 Nos 3/4, pp. 290-305. 25- Altmann, A. and Ebersberger, B. (2012), Universities in change: As a brief introduction. Universities in Change, Springer, New York, NY, pp. 1-6. 26- Avila, R. and Leger, N. (2005), The Future of Higher Education: A Scenario Evaluation of its Prospects and Challenges. iUniverse, New York. 27- Azman, N., Sirat, M. and Karim, M.A. (2010), “Building future scenarios for Malaysian universities”, Journal of Asian Public Policy, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 86-99. 28- Barnett, R. (Ed.). (2012). The future university: Ideas and possibilities. Routledge.Bokor, J. (2012). University of the Future: A thousand-year-old industry on the cusp of profound change. Ernst and Young report. Australia: Ernst and Young 29- Barth, M., Adoment, M., Albrecht, P., Burandt, S., Godemann, J., Franz-Balsen, A. and Rieckmann, M. (2011), “Towards a? Sustainable university? scenarios for sustainable university development”, International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 313-332. 30- Benaquisto, L. and Given, L. (2008), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Sage, New York. 31- Berg, B.L. (2007), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. California State University: Allyn and Bacon. 32- Beynaghi, A., Trencher, G., Moztarzadeh, F., Mozafari, M., Maknoon, R., & Leal Filho, W. (2016). Future sustainability scenarios for universities: Moving beyond the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3464-3478. 33- Bishop, B.J. and Dzidic, P.L. (2014), “Dealing with wicked problems: conducting a causal layered analysis of complex social psychological issues”, American journal of community psychology, Vol. 53 Nos 1/2, pp. 13-24. 34- Blass, E., Jasman, A. and Shelley, S. (2010), “Visioning 2035: the future of the higher education sector in the UK”, Futures, Vol. 42 No. 5, pp. 445-453. 35- Boer, H., Huisman, J., Klemperer, A., Meulen, B., Neave, G., Theisens, H. and Wende, M. (2002), Academia in the 21st Century: An Analysis of Trends and Perspectives in Higher Education and Research, Adviesraad voor het Wetenschaps-en Technologiebeleid, Javastraat. 36- Bourner, T., Katz, T. and Watson, D. (2000), New Directions in Professional Higher Education, The Society for Research into Higher Education, Open University Press, Maidenhead. 37- Brennan, J. (2008). Higher education and social change. Higher Education, 56(3), 381-393. 38- Brennan, J., King, R. and Lebeau, Y. (2004). “The role of universities in the transformation of societies”, Synthesis Report, Centre for Higher Education Research and Information/Association of Commonwealth Universities, London. 39- Brito, L. (2010), UNESCO Science Report 2010: The Current Status of Science Around The World, United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization, Paris. 40- Buchen, I.H. (2005), “The future of higher education and professional training”, Foresight, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 13-21. 41- Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran. (2015), “Annual Review, 2014/2015”, Tehran, available at: www. cbi.ir/SimpleList/AnnualReview_en.aspx 42- Conway, M. (2012), “Using causal layered analysis to explore the relationship between academics and administrators in universities”, Journal of Futures Studies, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 37-58. 43- Conway, M., & Dobson, I. (2003). Fear and loathing in university staffing. Higher Education Management and Policy,15(3), 123-133. 44- Danaher, P.A. and Umar, A. (2010), “Creating new perspectives on teacher education through open and distance learning”, Open and Distance Learning, Vol. 173. 45- De Wit, H. and Hunter, F. (2015), “The future of internationalization of higher education in Europe”, International Higher Education, Vol. 83No. 83, pp. 2-3. 46- Delanty, G. (2001), Challenging Knowledge; The University in the Knowledge Society, The Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press, Buckingham. 47- Downes, S. (2010), “New technology supporting informal learning”, Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 27-33. 48- Elena-Pe´rez, S., Saritas, O., Pook, K. and Warden, C. (2011), “Ready for the future? Universities’ capabilities to strategically manage their intellectual Capital”, Foresight, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 31-48. 49- Enders, J. (2005). Border crossings: Research training, knowledge dissemination and the transformation of academic work. Higher Education, 49(1-2), 119-133. 50- Etzkowitz, H. (2004). “The Evolution of the Entrepreneurial University”. International Journal of Technology and Globalization, 1(1): 64-77. 51- Etzkowitz, H. (2008), The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Government Innovation in Action, Routledge, Abingdon. 52- Etzkowitz, H., & Zhou, C. (2008). Introduction to special issue Building the entrepreneurial university: a global perspective.Science and Public Policy, 35(9), 627-635. 53- Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C. and Terra, B.R.C. (2000), “The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm”, Research policy, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 313-330. 54- Finn, A., Ratcliffe, J., & Sirr, L. (2007). University futures: The direction, shape and provision of higher education in the University of the Future. www.arrow.dit.ie 55- Fuggetta, A. (2012), “3þ 1 Challenges for the future of universities”, Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 85 No. 10, pp. 2417-2424. 56- GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2016), “GEMEcuador 2015”. AQ: 4 57- George, E.S. (2006), “Positioning higher education for the knowledge based economy”, Higher education, Vol. 52 No. 4, pp. 589-610. 58- Ghazinoory, S., Saghafi, F. and Mirzaei, M. (2018), “Extracting future business model orientation through scenario development for developing countries”, Journal of Futures Studies, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 65-84. 59- Goharinezhad, S., Maleki, M., Baradaran, H.R. and Ravaghi, H. (2016), “Futures of elderly care in Iran: a protocol with scenario approach”, Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Vol. 30, p. 416. 60- Habermas, J. (1971), “The University in a democracy: democratization of the university”, Toward A Rational Society, Heinemann, London. 61- Hashimshony, R., & Haina, J. (2006). Designing the University of the Future. Planning for higher education, 34(2), 5. 62- Havas, A. (2009), “Universities and the emerging new players: building futures for higher education”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 425-443. 63- Hayes, T. (2007), “Delphi study of the future of marketing of higher education”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60 No. 9, pp. 927-931. 64- Hirsch, W. Z., & Weber, L. E. (1999). Challenges facing higher education at the millennium. AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION & Oryx Press. 65- Hofstede, G. (2010), “Geert Hofstede: national cultural dimensions”. 66- Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. (2013). Values survey module 2013 manual. Version: August, 25(2013), 2. 67- Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J., and Minkov, M. (2010), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York. 68- Housewright, R., & Schonfeld, R. C. (2008). Ithaka's 2006 studies of key stakeholders in the digital transformation in higher education (Vol. 6). New York, NY: Ithaka. 69- Huisman, J., Boer, H. and B_otas, P.C.P. (2012), “Where do we go from here? The future of English higher education”, Higher education quarterly, Vol. 66No. 4, pp. 341-362. 70- Immerwahr, J. (2004). “Public attitudes on higher education: a trend analysis, 1993 to 2003”, National Center Report Number 04-2. Public Agenda. 71- Inayatullah, S. (2002), Understanding Sarkar: The Indian Episteme, Macrohistory and Transformative Knowledge, Brill, Leiden. 72- Inayatullah, S. (2004a), “Causal layered analysis: Theory, historical context, and case studies”, in 73- Inayatullah, S. (2004b). “The causal layered analysis (CLA) reader”, Theory and Case Studies of an Integrative and Transformative Methodology. 74- Inayatullah, S. (2005). Questioning the Future: Methods and Tools for Organizational and Societal Transformation.Questioning the Future: Methods and Tools for Organizational and Societal Transformation, 1-343. 75- Inayatullah, S. (2012). Malaysian universities in transformation. Journal of Futures Studies, 17(2), 111-124. 76- Inayatullah, S. (2012). University futures: Wikipedia uni, core-periphery reversed, incremental managerialism or bliss for all? On the Horizon, 20(1), 84-91. 77- Inayatullah, S. (Ed.), The Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) Reader: Theory and Case Studies of An Integrative and Transformative Methodology, Tamkang University Press, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-52. 78- Inayatullah, S. and Gidley, J. (Eds) (2000), The University in Transformation: Global Perspectives on the Futures of the University, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport. 79- Inayatullah, S. and Milojevic, I. (2014), “Augmented reality, the Murabbi and the democratization of higher education: alternative futures of higher education in Malaysia”, On the Horizon, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 110-126. 80- Inayatullah, S. and Milojevic, I. (2015), CLA 2.0: Transformative Research in Theory and Practice, Tamkang University Press, Tamsui. 81- Inayatullah, S. and Milojevic, I. (2016), “Leadership and governance in higher education 2025: can Malaysian universities meet the challenge?” Foresight, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 434-440. 82- Inayatullah, S., Ahmed, S., Alam, P., Davis, S., & Hashemi, S. (2013). BRAC University Innovates: Bangladesh Leads the Way. Prout Journal, 24(3), 23-28. 83- Kelly, P. (2004). Methods for the Age of Meaning-Sense-making and Causal Layered Analysis. In The Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) Reader: Theory and Case Studies of an Integrative and Transformative Methodology (pp. 183-198). Tamkang University Press. 84- Kelly, P. (2006). “Towards Globo Sapiens: using reflective journals to prepare engineering students able to engage with sustainable futures”, Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland. 85- Kelly, P. (2006). Learning for sustainable futures: One intervention. Journal of Future Studies, 10(3), 1-14. 86- Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2012), “How should the higher education workforce adapt to advancements in technology for teaching and learning?” The Internet and Higher Education, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 247-254. 87- Lane, J.M. (2012), “Developing the vision: preparing teachers to deliver a digital world-class education system”, Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 59-74. 88- Madichie, N.O. (2013), “Is the middle east the land of the future? It is not a given!” Foresight, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 321-333. 89- Melville-Ross, T. (2010), “Leadership, governance and management challenges for the future of higher education”, Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, Vol. 14No. 1, pp. 3-6. 90- Milter, R.G. (2015), “The impetus for change: why entrepreneurial universities will transform the future (While Others Will Cease to Exist)”, Transformative Perspectives and Processes in Higher Education, Springer International Publishing, Basel, pp. 15-30. 91- Morrison, J. 2004. “Developing foresight capability in strategic planning: description of workshop held at Indiana University”, From the Worldwide Web, available at: horizon.unc.edu/projects/seminars/indiana.html (accessed 19 July 2009). 92- Munck, R. and McConnell, G. (2009), “University strategic planning and the foresight/futures approach: An Irish case study”, Planning for Higher Education, Vol. 38 No. 1, p. 31. 93- Mwangi, C.A.G. (2017), “Partner positioning: examining international higher education partnerships through a mutuality lens”, The Review of Higher Education, Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 33-60. 94- Nasruddin, E., Bustami, R. and Inayatullah, S. (2012), “Transformative foresight: universiti sains Malaysia leads the way”, Futures, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 36-45. 95- Nerad, M. (2010), “Globalization and the internationalization of graduate education: a macro and micro view”, The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 40 No. 1, p. 1. 96- OECD. (2008), available at: www.oecd.org/edu/skills-beyond-school/42241931.pdf 97- Ornstein, M. (2013). A companion to survey research. Sage. 98- Philpott K, Dooley L, O'Reilly C, Lupton G (2011), The entrepreneurial university: examining the underlying academic tensions. Technovation;31(4):161e70. 99- Piirainen, K.A., Andersen, A.D. and Andersen, P.D. (2016), “Foresight and the third mission of universities: the case for innovation systemforesight”, Foresight, Vol. 18No. 1, pp. 24-40. 100- Powell, J. (2007). Creative universities and their creative city-regions. Industry and higher education, 21(5), 323-335. 101- Powers, J., (2004). R&D funding sources and university technology transfer: what is stimulating universities to be more entrepreneurial? Research in Higher Education 45 (1) 102- Readings, B. (1996), The University in Ruins, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. 103- Rhoades, G. and Slaughter, S. (2004), “Academic capitalism in the new economy: challenges and choices”, American Academic, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 37-59. 104- Rieckmann, M. (2012), “Future-oriented higher education: which key competencies should be fostered through university teaching and learning?”, Futures, Vol. 44 No. 2, pp. 127-135. 105- Ritzen, J. M. M. (2006, June). Scenarios for higher education, 2020 or when will China invade Iran. In Keynote address during the OECD Ministerial Meeting (Vol. 27). 106- Saghafi, F., Aliahmadi, A., Noori, S.S.G. and Hourali, M. (2013), “Offering the reference model of backcasting approach for achieving sustainable development”, Journal of Futures Studies, Vol. 18No. 1, pp. 63-84. 107- Saghafi, F., MohamedPour, M. and Abadi, A., K., D. (2010), “Customized e-government foresight model in Iran”, Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), 2010 Seventh International Conference on, IEEE, (April), pp. 608-612. 108- Savas B, E., Alkan, R (2015)., Entrepreneurship Education at Universities: Suggestion for A Model Using Financial Support, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 :856 – 861. 109- Siemens, G. and Matheos, K. (2012), “Systemic changes in higher education”, Education, Vol. 16 No. 1. 110- Slaughter, R., A. and Bussey, M. (2006), Futures Thinking for Social Foresight, TamKang University Press, Taipei. 111- Slaughter, S., Slaughter, S. A., & Rhoades, G. (2004). Academic capitalism and the new economy: Markets, state, and higher education. JHU Press. 112- Snyder, D.P. (2006), “From higher education to longer, fuller, further education: the coming metamorphosis of the university”, On the Horizon, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 43-61. 113- Southern African Regional Universities Association. (2012), “Building higher education scenarios 2025: a 114- Srivastava, R., Gendy, M., Narayanan, M., Arun, Y. and Singh, J. (2012), University of the Future: A Thousand-Year-Old Industry on the Cusp of Profound Change, Ernst & Young, Adelaide, SA, available at: www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/University_of_the_future/$FILE/University_of_the_future_2012.pdf 115- Stensaker, B., Va¨limaa, J. and Sarrico, C. (Eds.) (2012), Managing Reform in Universities: The Dynamics of Culture, Identity and Organisational CHANGE. PalgraveMacmillan, Basingstoke. 116- Stephens, S. (2013), “Using the past to predict the future: what futures are documented for higher education?”, On the Horizon, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 323-332. strategic agenda for development in SADC”, SARUA Leadership Dialogue Series, Vol. 3 No. 2, available at: 117- Thanh, P., T., H. (2010), “Implementing a Student-Centered Learning approach at Vietnamese higher education institutions: barriers under”, Journal of Futures Studies, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 21-38. 118- Times Higher Education. (2017), available at: www.timeshighereducation.com Trochim, W., Donnelly, J.P. and Arora, K. (2015), Research Methods: The Essential Knowledge Base, Nelson Education, Scarborough. 119- Tynan, B. and Lee, M. (2009), “Tales of adventure and change: academic staff members’ futures visions of higher education and their professional development needs”, On the Horizon, Vol. 17No. 2, pp. 98-108. 120- UNESCO. (1998), Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century: Vision and Action: World Conference on Higher Education in 1998, UNESCO, Paris, (5-9October). van der Meulen, B., Faasse, P., & Heerekop, P. (2014). Future Knowledge: Four scenarios for the future of Dutch universities. Rathenau Institute 121- van Reijswoud, V., & Mulo, E. (2012). Evaluating the Potential of Free and Open Source Software in the Developing World.International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes (IJOSSP), 4(3), 38-51. 122- Vincent-lancrin, S. (2006), “What is changing in academic research? Trends and futures scenarios”, European Journal of Education, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 169-202. 123- Vostal, F. (2015), “Academic life in the fast lane: the experience of time and speed in British academia”, Time and Society, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 71-95. 124- Vostal, F. (2016), Accelerating Academia: The Changing Structure of Academic Time, Palgrave 125- Webster, F. (2001), “The postmodern university? The loss of purpose in British universities”, Access Denied in the Information Age, PalgraveMacmillan, London, pp. 69-92. AQ: 5 www.sarua.org/files/publications/SARUA%20leadership%20Dialogue%20Series/Leadership%20Dialogue% 20Series%20Vol%203%20No%202.pdf 126- Yeazdanshenas, M. (2014), “Designing a conceptual framework for organizational entrepreneurship in the public sector in Iran”, Iranian Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 351 127- Zeichner, K., Payne, K. and Brayko, K. (2012), “Democratizing knowledge in university teacher education through practice-based methods teaching and mediated field experience in schools and communities”, Harvard Educational Review, pp. 1-46. 128- Zepke, N. (2012), “What of the future for academic freedom in higher education in Aotearoa New Zealand?”, Policy Futures in Education, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 155-164. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 862 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 449 |