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تأثیر سیستم های خاک ورزی و بقایای گیاهی بر کارایی جذب و مصرف نیتروژن در کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا | ||
به زراعی کشاورزی | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 20، شماره 4، بهمن 1397، صفحه 785-799 اصل مقاله (1.02 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jci.2018.259464.2043 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فریده اکبری1؛ مهدی دهمرده* 2؛ علی مرشدی3؛ احمد قنبری4؛ سرور خرم دل5 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری آگرو اکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
2دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
3استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
4استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
5دانشیار، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
به منظور بررسی کارآیی جذب و مصرف و شاخص برداشت نیتروژن در کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا تحت تاثیر سیستمهای خاکورزی و سطوح بقایای کاه و کلش گندم، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی چهارتخته شهرستان شهرکرد در سال زراعی 96-1395 انجام شد. سیستم های خاک ورزی در 3 سطح (رایج، کم خاک ورزی و بیخاکورزی) به عنوان عامل اصلی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی در چهار شامل (صفر، 30، 60 و 90 درصد عملکرد کاه و کلش گندم) به عنوان عامل فرعی و کشت مخلوط در پنج سطح (کشت خالص ذرت، کشت خالص لوبیا، نسبت 2:2، 3:1 و 1:3 ذرت و لوبیا) به عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی مدنظر قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان جذب نیتروژن در دانه و زیست توده به ترتیب برای ذرت و لوبیا در تیمار بدون خاکورزی، 60 درصد بقایای گندم و کشت خالص هر دو گیاه مشاهده شد. کارایی زراعی استفاده از نیتروژن در کشت مخلوط کمتر از کشت خالص هر دو گیاه بود. بیشترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا با نسبتهای 3:1 و 2: 2 به دست آمد که بیانگر برتری آشکار سیستم کشت مخلوط بر کشت خالص است. از اینرو کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا میتواند به مقدار شایان توجهی کارایی مصرف نیتروژن را بهبود بخشد و از این طریق با کاهش مصرف کودهای نیتروژنه نقش موثری بر پایداری تولید بومنظامهای زراعی در درازمدت به همراه داشته باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
الگوی کاشت؛ تخریب خاک؛ خاکورزی حفاظتی؛ شاخص برداشت نیتروژن؛ کمبود نیتروژن خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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