اثرات آشفتگی ناشی از تغییر کاربری اراضی بر پویایی فعالیت کرم‌ها، نماتدهای خاکزی و تصاعد دی اکسیدکربن خاک سطحی در ناحیه نوشهر (مطالعه موردی: گردکوه صافک)

Alef, K. (1995). Estimating of soil respiration. In: Alef, K., Nannipieri, P. (Eds.), Methods in Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York, pp. 464–470.

Angst, S., Mueller, C.W., Cajtham, T., Angst, G., Lhotáková, Z., Bartuška, M., Špaldoňová, A., and Frouz, J. (2017). Stabilization of soil organic matter by earthworms is connected with physical protection rather than with chemical changes of organic matter. Geoderma, 289(4), 29–35.

Arevalo, C.B.M., Bhatti, J.S., Chang, S.X., and Sidders, D. (2009). Ecosystem carbon stocks and distribution under different land-uses in north central Alberta, Canada.  Forest  Ecology and Management, 257(8), 1776-1785.

Beheshti, A., Raiesi, F., and Golchin, A. (2011). The Effects of Land Use Conversion from Pasturelands to Croplands on Soil Microbiological and Biochemical Indicators. Water and Soil Journal (Agricultural Sciences), 25(3), 548-562. (In Farsi)

Beyranvand, M., and Kooch, Y. (2016). Effect of broadleaf tree species on abundance and diversity of earthworms in forest ecosystems plain. Journal of Soil Biology, 4(1), 15-26. (In Farsi)

Brady, N.C. and Well, R.R. (2008).The Nature and Properties of Soils, PearsonPrentice Hll.

Cesarz, S., Ruess, L., Jacob, M., Jacob, A., Schaefer, M., and Scheu, S. (2013). Tree species diversity versus tree species identity: driving forces in structuring forest food webs as indicated by soil nematodes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 62(2), 36-45.

Cao, Y. S., Lin, Y. B., Rao, X. Q., and Fu, S. L. (2011). Effects of Artificial Nitrogen and Phosphorus Depositions on Soil Respiration in Two Plantations in Southern China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 23 (2), 110–116.

Cheng, F., Peng, X., Zhao, P., Yuan, J., Zhong, C., Cheng, Y. and Zhang, S. (2013). Soil Microbial Biomass, Basal Respiration and Enzyme Activity of Main Forest Types in the Qinling Mountains. PloS one, 8(6), e67353.

Chodak, M. and Niklińska, M. (2010). Effect of Texture and Tree Species on Microbial Properties of Mine Soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 46(2), 268-275.

Cristhy Buch, A., Gardner Brown, G., Fernandes Correia, M.E., Fábio Lourençato, L., and Vieira Silva-Filho, E. (2017). Ecotoxicology of mercury in tropical forest soils: Impact on earthworms. Science of the Total Environment, 589(1), 222-231.

Eisenhauer, N., Dobies, T., Cesarz, S., Hobbie, S.E., Meyer, R.J., Worm, K. and Reich, P.B. (2013). Plant diversity effects on soil food webs are stronger than those of elevated CO2 and N deposition in a long-term grassland experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(17), 6889-6894.

Ewing, H.A., Tuininga, A.R., Groffman, P.M.,Weathers, K.C., Fahey, T.J., Fisk,M.C., and Suarez, E. (2015). Earthworms reduce biotic 15-nitrogen retention in northern hardwood forests. Ecosystems, 18(2), 328–342.

Gorobtsova, O. N., Gedgafova, F. V., Uligova, T. S. and Tembotov, R. K. (2016). EcopHysiological Indicators of Microbial Biomass Status in Chernozem Soils of the Central Caucasus (In the Territory of Kabardino-Balkaria with the Terek Variant of Altitudinal Zonation). Russian Journal of Ecology, 47(1), 19-25.

IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Jafari Haghighi, M. 2003. Soil analysis methods. Nedaye Zohi Publication, 236p. (In Farsi)

Jamshidinia, Z., Abrari Vajari, K., Sohrabi, A., and Veiskarami, G. (2016). Effect of Needle- and Broad-Leaved Species Plantation on Some Soil Properties in Reymaleh Region, Lorestan. Journal of Soil Research, 30(3), 357-365.

Johnston A.S.A., Holmstrup M., Hodson M.E., Thorbek P., Alvarez T., and Sibly R.M. (2014). Earthworm distribution and abundance predicted by a process-based model. Applied Soil Ecology, 84(1), 112-123.

Kooch, Y., Samadzadeh, B. and Hosseini, S. M. (2017). The Effects of Broad-leaved Tree Species on Litter Quality and Soil Properties in a Plain Forest Stand. Catena, 150(1), 223-229.

Lamberti, F. (2012). Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Springer Science and Business Media, ISBN 978-1-4684-0841-6. 

Liao, C., Luo, Y., Fang, C. and Li, B. (2010). Ecosystem Carbon Stock Influenced by Plantation Practice: Implications for Planting Forests as a Measure of Climate Change Mitigation. PloS one, 5(5), e10867.

Liu, L., Gundersen, P., Zhang, T., and Mo, J. (2012). Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 44(1), 31–38.

Luo, W., Verweij, R.A., and Gestel, C.A. (2014). Contribution of soil properties of shooting fields to lead bioavailability and toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 76(1), 235–241.

Mc Cune, B., and Mefford, M. (1999). Multivariate Analysis of Ecological data Version 4.17. MJM Software. Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA, 233p.

Mo, J. M., Xue, J. H. and Fang, Y. T. (2004). Litter Decomposition and Its Responses to Simulated NDeposition for the Major Plants of Dinghushan Forests in Subtropical China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24(7), 1413-1420.‏

Moghimian N, Hosseini S.M, Kooch Y, and Zarei Darki B. (2017). Impacts of changes in land use/cover on soil microbial and enzyme activities. Catena, 157(1), 407- 414.

Moslehi, M., and Nazari, J. (2012). Relations between earthworms and trees and its effects on forest soils. Human and Environmental. 20(1), 108-113. (In Farsi)

Muhammad, S., Müller, T. and Joergensen, R.G. (2008). Relationships between Soil Biological and Other Soil Properties in Saline and Alkaline Arable Soils from the Pakistani Punjab. Journal of Arid Environments, 72 (4), 448-457.

Neher, D. A., Wu, J., Barbercheck, M. E. and Anas, O. (2005). Ecosystem Type Affects Interpretation of Soil Nematode Community Measures. Applied Soil Ecology, 30(1), 47-64.

Sackett, T.E., Smith, S.M. and Basiliko, N. (2013). Indirect and direct effects of exotic earthworms on soil nutrient and carbon pools in North American temperate forests. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 57(1), 459-467.

Salamon, J. A., Schaefer, M., Alphei, J., Schmid, B. and Scheu, S. (2004). Effects of Plant Diversityon Collembola in an Experimental Grassland Ecosystem. Oikos, 106 (1), 51–60.

Saul-Tcherkas, V., Unc, A., and Steinberger, Y. (2013). Soil microbial diversity in the vicinity of desert shrubs. Microbial Ecology, 65(3), 689-99.

Schulp C., Nabuurs G., and Verburg P. (2008). Future carbon sequestration in Europe Effects of land use change. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 127(3), 251- 264.

Schwarz, B., Dietrich, C., Cesarz, S., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Auge, H., Schulz, E., and Eisenhauer, N. (2015). Non significant tree diversity but significant identity effects on earthworm communities in three tree diversity experiments. European Journal of Soil Biology. 67(1), 17–26.

Smith, R. G., McSwiney, C. P., Grandy, A. S., Suwanwaree, P., Snider, R. M. and Robertson, G. P. (2008). Diversity and Abundance of Earthworms across an Agricultural Land-Use Intensity Gradient. Soil and Tillage Research, 100 (1), 83-88.

Sigurdsson, B.D. and Gudleifsson, B.E. (2013). Impact of afforestation on earthworm populations in Iceland. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences, 26(1), 21-36.

Sileshi, G., and Mafongoya, P.L. (2006). Long-term effect of improved legume fallows on soil invertebrate macrofauna and maize yield in eastern Zambia. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 115(4), 69-78.

Sun, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Dai, G., Han, S. and Liang, W. (2013). Soil Nematode Responses to Increases in Nitrogen Deposition and Precipitation in a Temperate Forest. Plos One, 8 (12), e82468.

Suthar, S. (2012). Seasonal dynamics in earthworm density, casting activity and soil nutrient cycling under Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in semiarid tropics, India. The Environmentalist, 32(4), 503–511.

Tardy, V., Mathieu, O., Lévêque, J., Terrat, S., Chabbi, A., Lemanceau, P., Ranjard, L., and Maron, P.A. (2014). Stability of soil microbial structure and activity depends on microbial diversity. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 6(2), 173–183.

Tian, D., Wang, G., Yan, W., Xiang, W. and Peng, C. (2010). Soil respiration dynamics in Cinnamomum camphora forest and a nearby Liquidambar formosana forest in Subtropical China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(8), 736-743.

Tolfa, I., Velki, M., Vukovic, R., Ecimovic, S., Katanic, Z., and Loncaric, Z. (2017). Effect of different forms of selenium on the plant–soil–earthworm system. Journal of Plant Nutrtion and Soil Sciences, 180(2), 1–10.

Yeates, G.W. (2007). Abundance, diversity, and resilience of nematode assemblages in forest soils. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37(2), 216–225.

Wall, D.H., Bardgett, R.D., and Kelly, E.F. (2010). Biodiversity in the dark. Nature Geosciences, 3(1), 297–298.

Wallenstein, M. D., Mc. Nulty, S., Fernandez, I. J., Boggs, J. and Wschlesinger, W. H. (2006). Nitrogen Fertilization Decreases Forest Soil Fungal and Bacterial Biomass in Three Long-Term Experiments. Forest Ecology and Management, 222 (1), 459-468.

Wang, Q., Xiao, F., He, T. and Wang, S. (2013). Responses of Labile Soil Organic Carbon and Enzyme Activity in Mineral Soils to Forest Conversion in the Subtropics. Annals of Forest Science, 70 (6), 579-587.

Watmough, S.A. and Meadows, M.J. (2014). Do earthworms have a greater influence on nitrogen dynamics than atmospheric nitrogen deposition? Ecosystems, 17(7), 1257-1270.

 Weand, M.P., Arthur, M.A., Lovett, G.M., McCulley, R.L., and Weathers, K.C. (2010). Effects of tree species and N additions on forest floor microbial communities and extracellular enzyme activities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(1), 2161–2173.

Wood, M. (1995). Environmental soil biology, 2nd ed., Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow 150p. 

Wu, L., Ouyang, Z., Li, B., and Xu, Y. (2016). Effects of different forms of plant-derived organic matter on nitrous oxide emissions. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, 18 (7), 854-862