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واکنش ارقام مختلف کلزا با تیپ رشد زمستانه به تنش کمبود فسفر | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 49، شماره 3، مرداد و شهریور 1397، صفحه 515-525 اصل مقاله (1023.39 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2017.216103.667537 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریدون نورقلی پور1؛ حسین میرسید حسینی* 2؛ محمد مهدی طهرانی3؛ بابک متشرع زاده2؛ فرهاد مشیری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی داشگاه تهران؛ کرج | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی داشگاه تهران؛ کرج | ||
| 3استادیارپژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4استادیارپژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فسفر به دلیل حلالیت و تحرک اندک در خاک‌های زراعی دنیا و نقش حیاتی ترکیبات آن در متابولیسم سلول گیاهی، به‌عنوان عنصر غذایی پرمصرف برای گیاه در نظر گرفته می‌شود. شناسایی رقم‌هایی از گیاهان که به‌صورت کارآمدی بتوانند فسفر را جذب و مصرف کنند، می‌تواند باعث کاهش هزینه مالی و زیست‌محیطی کاربرد کودهای فسفره گردد. کلزا به‌عنوان گیاه دانه روغنی در سطح وسیعی در جهان و نیز در ایران کشت می‌گردد. در این تحقیق گلخانه‌ای، کارایی جذب و مصرف فسفر هفت رقم کلزا با تیپ رشد زمستانه (Talaye, Okapi, L72, Gabriela, Karaj, Brutus, Elvis) در دو سطح فسفر صفر و 80 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم فسفر از منبع مونوپتاسیمفسفات در خاکی با مقدار فسفر قابل‌دسترس 6/4 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک، در طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شاخص‌های وزن خشک اندام هوایی، سطح برگ، حجم و وزن خشک ریشه، جذب عناصر فسفر و کلسیم در ریشه و اندام هوایی اندازه‌گیری گردید. برای بهدست آوردن خاک ریزوسفری و غیر ریزوسفری از تکنیک رایزوبگ استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج، ارقام ازلحاظ تولید بیوماس، جذب فسفر و کلسیم، کارایی جذب و کارایی استفاده، تفاوت معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشتند. فسفر کارایی از 615/0 در رقم Gabriela تا 248/0 در رقم Elvis متغیر بود و کارایی جذب فسفر ارقام کلزا نیز از 469/0 در رقم Gabriela تا 157/0 در رقم Elvis متغیر بود و روند عکس آن در مورد شاخص تنش فسفر وجود داشت. مقدار pH خاک درون و بیرون رایزوبگ در شرایط فراهمی فسفر، تفاوت معنیدار داشت. به نظر می‌رسد که فسفر کارایی و تولید ماده خشک در زمان کمبود فسفر این ارقام، بیشتر وابسته به کارایی آن‌ها در جذب فسفر و نیز وابسته به جذب بیشتر کلسیم آن‌ها از طریق افزایش حجم سیستم ریشه و افزایش توانایی تحرک و جذب فسفر خاک باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کارایی؛ ریشه؛ کلسیم؛ رایزوبگ؛ فسفر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Response to phosphorus deficiency stress among winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fereydun Nourgholipour1؛ Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini2؛ Mohammad Mehdi Tehrani3؛ Babak Motesharezadeh2؛ Farhad Moshiri4 | ||
| 1PhD student of Department of Soil Science Eng., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Professor of Department of Soil Science Eng., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3scientific stuff of soil and water research institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Scientific stuff of Soil & Water Research Institute,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract: Due to the vital role of phosphorus as an effective element in plant cell metabolism, it is considered as an important macro-nutrient for plants. Introducing new cultivars of plants that take up and use phosphorus efficiently can reduce financial and environmental cost of phosphate fertilizers. Rapeseed as an important oilseed crop is widely grown around the world, including Iran. This greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine relative use or acquisition efficiency of seven winter rapeseed cultivars (Talaye, Okapi, L72, Gabriela, Karaj, Brutus, Elvis) in deficiently (0 mg P kg-1 add to soil with 4.6 mg Olsen P kg-1 ) and adequately supplied P condition (80 mg P kg-1 add to soil). Shoot and root dry weight, leaf area, root volume, P and Ca uptake in root and shoot and P efficiency was measured and compared. The rhizobag technique was used for accessing rhizosphere soil. Based on the results, cultivars such as Gabriela with higher P uptake efficiency produced more biomass in phosphorus deficiency condition. There was significant variation in PE among the cultivars ranging from 0.25(Elvis) to 0.62 (Gabriela) and PACE ranged from 0.16 (Elvis) to 0.47 (Gabriela) and PUI (g2 SDW mg-1 P) ranged from 0.12 (Elvis) to 0.38 (Gabriela). Interaction effect of soil type (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere) and P rate on soil pH was significant. It seems that P efficiency and biomass production in these cultivars was primarily due to their acquisition efficiency of P and Ca with larger root system and increase in P mobility and uptake from the soil and P use efficiency was in the next order of importance at P stress environment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Calcium, Efficiency, phosphorus, rhizobag, root | ||
| مراجع | ||
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