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اثر رگبارهای متوالی بر مولفه‌های فرسایش پاشمانی طی دو شدت مختلف بارندگی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 18، دوره 4، شماره 3، مهر 1396، صفحه 837-846 اصل مقاله (957.81 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2017.62640 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محبوبه کیانی هرچگانی* 1؛ سید حمیدرضا صادقی2 | ||
| 1دانش آموختۀ دکتری گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس و عضو انجمن آبخیزداری ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| واضح است که هیچ فرسایشی اتفاق نمیافتد مگر اینکه ابتدا جدایش توسط قطرات باران یا رواناب رخ دهد. فرسایش ناشی از اثر قطرات باران (RIIE) در نتیجۀ انرژی قطرات باران اتفاق میافتد. بدین‌منظور مجموعهای از آزمایشها برای بررسی اثر رگبارهای متوالی بر مؤلفههای RIIE (مانند پاشمان بالادست، پاشمان پاییندست، پاشمان خالص، پاشمان کل و نسبت پاشمان بالادست/پاییندست) برنامهریزی شد. آزمایشها تحت شدتهای بارندگی 30 و 90 میلیمتر در ساعت و در شیب پلات 5 درصد روی یک نمونه خاک جمعآوریشده از مراتع حوضۀ آبخیز کجور در شمال ایران در شرایط شبیهساز باران و فرسایش خاک انجام پذیرفت. طبق نتایج مقایسۀ مؤلفههای پاشمان بالادست با پاییندست در شدت بارندگی 30 و همچنین در شدت بارندگی 90 میلیمتر در ساعت در توالیهای مختلف دلالت بر نبود اختلاف معنادار در آنها (05/0 > P) با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه در نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS نسخۀ 22 داشته است. همچنین تحلیل نتایج مقایسهای مؤلفههای RIIE شامل پاشمان بالادست، پاشمان پاییندست و پاشمان کل در توالی سوم، چهارم و پنجم در دو شدت بارندگی 30 و 90 میلیمتر در ساعت در سطح 95 درصد معنادار بود. در حالی که پاشمان خالص و نسبت بالادست/ پاییندست تحت شدتهای بارندگی 30 و 90 میلیمتر در ساعت در توالیهای مختلف رگبار غیرمعنادار (05/0 ≥ P) بوده است. همچنین نتایج بیان‌کنندۀ افزایش 5/2 برابری ضریب تغییرات پاشمان خالص و کل در شدت بارندگی 30 میلیمتر در ساعت نسبت به 90 میلیمتر در ساعت بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پاشمان خالص؛ رگبار؛ شبیهساز باران؛ فنجان پاشمان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of consecutive storms on splash erosion components for two different rainfall intensities under laboratory conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani1؛ Seyyed Hamidreza Sadeghi2 | ||
| 1PhD Graduate, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University and Member of Watershed Management Society of Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Obviously, no erosion occurs unless detachment takes place first, either by raindrop or runoff. The Raindrop-Impact-Induced Erosion (RIIE) occurs when detachment is caused by raindrop energy. For this purpose, a set of laboratorial experiments were scheduled to examine the effects of consecutive storms on RIIE components (i.e. upward splash, downward splash, net splash, total splash and upward splash/downward splash). The experiments were conducted for two different rainfall intensities of 30 and 90 mm h−1 at slope of 5% under rainfall simulation and soil erosion for a soil collected from Kojour rangeland watershed in the Alborz Mountains, northern of Iran. The comparative analysis of the results showed that there was no significant difference between upward with downward splash under rainfall intensity of 30 as well as under rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1 in consecutive storms (p ≤ 0.05) using One-Way ANOVA in SPSS Statistics 22 software. In addition, the obtained results indicated that RIIE components viz. total and upward and downward splash were significantly different (p ≤ 0.01) under rainfall intensities of 30 and 90 mm h−1 in the third, fourth and fifth consecutive storms. However, net splash and upward/downward splash proportion was not significantly different (p > 0.05) under rainfall intensities of 30 and 90 mm h−1 in different consecutive storms. The results also indicated a 2.5-fold increase in coefficient of variation of net splash and total splash under rainfall intensity of 30 mm h-1 then the rainfall intensity of 90 mm h-1. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Event Storm, Rainfall simulation, splash cup, net splash | ||
| مراجع | ||
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