عوامل دینامیکی مؤثر بر بارش سنگین برف در تهران: مطالعۀ موردی

Appenzeller, C. and Davies, H. C., 1992, Structure of stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere. Nature, 358, 570-572.

Argüeso, D., Hidalgo-Muñoz, J. M., Gámiz-Fortis, S. R., Esteban-Parra, M. J., Dudhia, J. and Castro-Diez, Y., 2011, Evaluation of WRF parameterizations for climate studies over Southern Spain using a multistep regionalization. J. Climate, 24, 5633-5651.

Chen, J.-M., Tan, P.-H. and Shih, C. F., 2013, Heavy rainfall induced by tropical cyclones across northern Taiwan and associated intraseasonal oscillation modulation. J. Climate, 26, 7992-8007.

Hoskins, B. J., McIntyre, M. E. and Robertson, A. W., 1985, On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946.

Jakob, C. and Schumacher, C., 2008, Precipitation and latent heating characteristics of the major tropical western Pacific cloud regimes. J. Climate, 21, 4348-4364.

Jankov, I., Jr. Gallus, W. A., Segal, M., Shaw, B. and Koch, S. E., 2005, The impact of different WRF model physical parameterizations and their interactions on warm season MCS rainfall. Wea. and Forecasting, 20, 1048-1060.

Martius, O., Schwierz, C. and Davies, H. C., 2008, Far-upstream precursors of heavy precipitation events on the Alpine south-side, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 417-428.

Martius, O., Zenklusen, E., Schwierz, C. and C. Davies, H., 2006, Episodes of Alpine heavy precipitation with an overlying elongated stratospheric intrusion: A climatology. Int. J. Climatol., 26, 1149-1164.

Morgenstern, O. and Davies, H. C., 1999, Disruption of an upper level PV-streamer by orographic and cloud-diabatic effects. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 72, 173-186.

Ntwali, D., Ogwang, B. A. and Ongoma, V., 2016, The impacts of topography on spatial and temporal rainfall distribution over Rwanda based on WRF model. Atmos. Clim. Sci., 6, 145-157.

Reed, R. J., Simmons, A. J., Albright, M. D. and Unden, P., 1988, The role of latent heat release in explosive cyclogenesis: Three examples based on ECMWF operational forecasts. Wea. and Forecasting, 3, 217-229.

Schlemmer, L., Martius, O., Sprenger, M., Schwierz, C. and Twitchett, A., 2010, Disentangling the forcing mechanisms of a heavy precipitation event along the Alpine south side using potential vorticity inversion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2336-2353.

Sprenger, M., 2007, Numerical piecewise potential vorticity inversion: A user guide for real-case experiments. Thesis for postgraduate course in computer science FHSS Schweiz, 98 pp.

Stein, U. and Alpert, P., 1993, Factor separation in numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2107-2115.

Thorncroft, C. D., Hoskins, B. J. and McIntyre, M. E., 1993, Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behaviour. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 17-56.

Twitchett, A., 2012, Predictability and dynamics of potential vorticity streamers and connections to high impact weather. PhD Thesis, University of Leeds.

Wiegand, L., Twitchet, A., Schwierz, C. and Knippertz, P., 2011, Heavy precipitation at the Alpine south side and Saharan dust over central Europe: A predictability study using TIGGE. Wea. and Forecasting, 26, 958-974.