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اثر کنتور فارو و پیتینگ در افزایش پوشش گیاهی مراتع (مطالعۀ موردی: منطقۀ بلبل استان یزد) | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 4، شماره 2، تیر 1396، صفحه 369-377 اصل مقاله (390.88 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2017.61474 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب جعفریان* 1؛ علی بمان میرجلیلی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 2مربی مرکز تحقیقات آموزش و تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی یزد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از سازههای مهم برای بهرهبرداری بهینه از آب و خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک سازۀ ذخیرۀ نزولات آسمانی است. اجرای پروژههای ذخیرۀ نزولات آسمانی مانند ایجاد کنتور فارو و پیتینگ در عرصههایی که پوشش گیاهی مراتع به حدی کاهش یافته است که هیچ‌گونه تأثیری در جلوگیری از رواناب سطحی ندارد؛ ولی پایههای گیاهی مناسب و خوش‌خوراک در عرصه وجود دارد و یا کوبیدگی سطح خاک بر اثر تردد بیش از حد دام موجب نفوذناپذیری آب به درون خاک شده است، برای مهار رواناب و سیلابهای حاصل از نزولات آسمانی با هدف ذخیرهسازی آب باران و افزایش پوشش گیاهی، انجام میشود. این تحقیق در مراتع بلبل استان یزد با میزان بارندگی حدود 130 میلی‌متر در سطحی معادل دو هکتار در سال 1383 اجرا شد. پس از اجرای طرح و ایجاد سازههای مکانیکی کنتور فارو و پیتینگ، در سال هفتم (1391) میزان درصد پوشش گیاهی و تراکم گونههای مطالعه‌شده در چهار سایت منطقۀ اجرای طرح و منطقۀ شاهد اندازهگیری شد. اندازهگیریها در مناطق بررسی‌شده طی 12 ترانسکت و 120 پلات انجام شد. نتایج میزان درصد پوششگیاهی و تراکم در تیمارهای کنتور فارو و پیتینگ و شاهد اختلاف معناداری را در سطح 1 درصد نشان دادند. میزان درصد پوشش گیاهی در سازۀ مکانیکی کنتور فارو و پیتینگ نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب 4/2 و 1/3 برابر و همچنین میزان تراکم پوشش گیاهی در آنها به‌ترتیب 5/1 و 2/2 برابر افزایش داشته است. بنابراین، در منطقۀ مطالعه‌شده عملکرد سازۀ پیتینگ نسبت به کنتور فارو در افزایش پوشش گیاهی بیشتر بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پوشش گیاهی؛ تراکم گونه های گیاهی؛ ذخیرۀ نزولات آسمانی؛ رواناب؛ مراتع بلبل یزد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of contour furrow and pitting on increase of vegetation cover in rangelands (Case Study: Bolbol Region in Yazd Province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zeinab Jafarian1؛ Alibeman Mirjalili2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources, SariUniversity | ||
| 2Academic Staff, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Yazd | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the important operations that optimizes the use of soil and water in the arid and semi-arid lands is soil and water conservation structures especially precipitation storage structures. Implementation of precipitation conservation such as the development of pitting and contour furrow has been suggested in fields- where vegetation has decreased to the extent that it plays no more role in the prevention of surface runoff, but there are appropriate and palatable plant species individuals, or when soil compaction due to high traffic livestock has decreased water infiltration into the soil- for controlling runoff and floods from rainfall aiming for water saving and increasing vegetation cover. This study was carried out in Bolbol rangeland of Yazd province with average rain fall of 130 mm since 2004 in surface of two hectares. The amount of vegetation and density species was measured in four years (2012) after the creation of mechanical operations of pitting and furrowing. Measurements were carried out along 12 transects and 120 plots. The results showed that pitting, contour furrow and control treatment sites had significant difference from percentage vegetation and density (p<0.01). Percentage of vegetation in the mechanical operations of pitting, contour furrow was higher than control, 2.4 and 3.1 times, respectively and the density, 1.5 and 2.2 times, respectively. So, in the study area, pitting structural performance on vegetation was higher than contour furrow. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Plant cover, plant species density, Runoff, precipitation conservation, Bolbol Rangeland of Yazd province | ||
| مراجع | ||
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