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مطالعه میدانی کارایی نوارهای حائل گیاهی در حفاظت آب‌وخاک | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 19، دوره 48، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 205-216 اصل مقاله (601.98 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2017.61354 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایمان صالح؛ عطااله کاویان* ؛ محمود حبیب نژاد؛ زینب جعفریان | ||
| دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نوارهای حائل گیاهی شامل گیاهی خاص می‌باشند که جریان رواناب قبل از ورود به آبراهه‌ها از آن‌ها عبور می‌نماید و این موجب کاهش حجم و آلاینده‌های موجود در رواناب توسط نفوذ، جذب و انباشت رسوب می‌گردند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارزیابی و مقایسه تأثیر گیاه وتیور و چمن بومی منطقه ساری (مازندران) و همچنین ترکیب دو گونه مذکور بر کارایی نوارهای حائل گیاهی در کاهش آلاینده‌های آبهای سطحی شامل رسوب، نیترات و فسفات به انجام رسید. این پژوهش با استفاده از کرتهای آزمایشی 10×1 متر و تولید رواناب مصنوعی با دبی 65/1 لیتر بر ثانیه طی یک سال به انجام رسید. نوارهای حائل گیاهی استفادهشده در این تحقیق حجم رواناب را %90-35، غلظت رسوب را %94-42، غلظت نیترات را %88-35 و غلظت فسفات را %95-28 کاهش دادند که کلیه مقادیر حداکثر مربوط به تیمار وتیور-چمن بود. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این تحقیق میتوان اشاره نمود که گیاه وتیور کارایی بسیار بالایی در کاهش و کنترل آلاینده‌های موجود در رواناب را داراست اما به دلیل احتمال ایجاد جریان‌های متمرکز در فواصل موجود میان بوته‌های این گونه گیاهی، استفاده از یک نوار گیاهی مقاوم و سازگار با اقلیم منطقه و با تراکم، یکنواختی و درصد سطح پوشش مشابه چمن به‌منظور یکنواخت و ورقه‌ای نمودن جریان و درنتیجه افزایش کارایی نوار حائل گیاهی در کاهش حجم رواناب و آلاینده‌های موجود در آن پیش از ورود به آبهای سطحی توصیه می‌گردد. همچنین برداشت و کوتاه نمودن دوره‌ای گیاه به‌عنوان راهکاری مؤثر به‌منظور مقابله با تجمع تدریجی مواد مغذی و رسوب در نوارهای حائل گیاهی و درنتیجه آلوده شدن رواناب عبوری از این نوارها ارائه گردید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| وتیور؛ کرتهای آزمایشی؛ نیترات؛ فسفات؛ غلظت رسوب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A field study of the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips in water and soil conservation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Iman saleh؛ ataollah Kavian؛ Mahmood HabibNejad؛ Zeinab Jafarian | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Vegetative buffer strips include a special plant being passed by the flow before entering the waterbodies; so, it causes runoff volume reduction, accumulated pesticides and other pollutants of the flow by infiltration, uptake and sediment deposition. The present study has been conducted with aim to evaluate and comparing the impact of vetiver grass, native turf grass of Sari (Mazandaran) and a combination of the two mentioned species on the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips in reducing the surface water pollutants including sediment, nitrate and phosphate. The experiments were carried out using 1×10 m experimental plots and producing artificial runoff with a flowrate by 1.65 l/s during a year. the vegetative buffer strips used in this study reduced the runoff volume by 35-90%, sediment concentration by 42-94%, nitrate concentration by 35-88% and phosphate concentration by 28-95% so that, all maximum efficiencies were related to the treatment of vetiver grass-turf grass. According to the results, the vetiver grass has a high efficiency in reducing and controlling the runoff pollutants; but, due to the probability of the creation of concentrated flow among the bushes of vetiver grass, using a resistant plant adapted to the region climate with a density and uniformity similar to the turf grass is recommended to make the flow uniform and sheet and consequently increasing the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips to reduce runoff volume and pollutants before entering the runoff to the surface waters. Also, periodic mowing of the plants is given as an effective strategy to deal with the role of vegetative buffer strips as the source of nutrients and sediment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Vetiver grass, Experimental plots, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sediment concentration | ||
| مراجع | ||
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