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تحول خاکها و کانیهای رسی آن در اثر زهکشی و کاربری در آبرفتهای حاشیه رودخانه کارون | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 47، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1395، صفحه 1-12 اصل مقاله (893.89 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2016.57973 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیروس جعفری* 1؛ فرزانه بنده الهی2؛ بیژن خلیلی مقدم3 | ||
| 1دانشیار/ دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین | ||
| 2دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان | ||
| 3استادیار/ دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برای بررسی تنوع خاکها و کانیهای رسی و تحولات آن در خاک‌های آبرفتی رودخانه کارون، نمونه‌های خاک و کانیهای رسی 14 خاکرخ در مسیر شرقی رودخانه کارون با فواصل یک کیلومتر با تفاوت‌هایی در وضعیت زهکشی و کاربری اراضی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش فاصله از رودخانه، به‌دلیل کم شدن کشت و کار و ضعف زهکشی، شوری خاک افزایش و مواد آلی کاهش یافته است. همه خاکها دارای افق سطحی اکریک و در عمق نیز، حداکثر تحول خاک به تشکیل افق کمبیک با ایجاد ساختمان و در برخی از خاکها نیز تشکیل افق سالیک محدود می‌شد. مطالعه کانی‌شناسی حضور کلریت، ایلیت، کائولینیت، ورمیکولیت، اسمکتیت و کوارتز را نشان داد. با توجه به شواهد، کانیهای کائولینیت، ایلیت، کلریت و کوارتز موروثی بود. در خاک‌های مجاور رودخانه، کانیهای ورمیکولیت در اثر تحول ایلیت ناشی از حذف پتاسیم و کانی اسمکتیت نیز در افق‌های سطحی این خاکها از تحول ایلایت، کلریت و یا پالیگورسکایت تشکیل شده بود. تخلیه پتاسیم از خاک را می توان به رطوبت بیشتر در ادوار گذشته نیز مرتبط دانست. در اثر این تحول، از شدت کانیهای ایلیت و کلریت در افق‌های سطحی کاسته شده بود. در ارضی دارای شرایط نامناسب زهکشی و واکنش خاک بالا و منیزیم زیاد، اسمکتیت در اعماق خاک تشکیل شده بود که از نوع کانیهای تری اکتاهدرال بود. در این خاکها روندی از کاهش کانیهای ایلیت و یا ورمیکولیت از سطح به عمق ملاحظه نشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| استان خوزستان؛ تکامل خاک؛ دشت آبرفتی؛ کانی شناسی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The study of clay and soil development that effected by drainage and land use on the Karoon River | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| siroos jafari1؛ farzaneh bandeh elahi2؛ bijan Khalili Moghadam3 | ||
| 1agriculture and natural resources university of Khuzestan | ||
| 2FormerM.Sc/Ramin agriculture and natural resources university of Khuzestan | ||
| 3Assistance professor/Ramin agriculture and natural resources university of Khuzestan | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim followed in the present study was a determination of soil and clay mineral diversity in alluvial soils along Karoon River. For this, 14 profiles were described on the transect perpendicular to some eastern direction of Karoon River bank. These profiles were 1 Kilometer apart and belonged to different drainage conditions and land use. The results indicate that soil salinity increased, while OM is being decreased with increasing distance from Karoon River bank. This was related to drainage class changes. Ochric epipedon was diagnostic in all pedons. The subsurface horizons were restricted to cambic and salic horizons. The cambic horizon was formed due to wetting and drying either under irrigation or rain, due to which crack and cleavages were formed in subsoils. Also, salic horizons were formed under high saline water table. Chlorite, illite, kaolinite, vermiculite, smectite, and quartz were identified through XRD. Kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and quartz were inherited from parent material. Vermiculite was formed from illite simple transformation due to cultivation and K depletion in soil surface near the River bank. Also, smectite was formed on the surface of this pedon. These clay types were not seen in subsurface of these soils. Illite and chlorite intensity decreased in surface soil which was related to transformation to vermiculite and smectite. In spite of first pedon, the clay mineral was identified in subsurface soil. This clay mineral was the result of high pH, salinity, and Mg concentration in ground water. More study showed that this smectite is trioctahedral. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| alluvial plain, Khuzestan, mineralogy, soil development | ||
| مراجع | ||
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