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بررسی الگوهای رشد و دوشکلی جنسی جمجمه در خرس قهوهای (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758) در رشتهکوههای البرز ایران | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 68، شماره 1، خرداد 1394، صفحه 137-154 اصل مقاله (3.93 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2015.53949 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| باقر نظامی بلوچی* 1؛ محمود کرمی2؛ سهیل ایگدری3؛ محمد کابلی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست گروه محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران | ||
| 2گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3گروه شیلات، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران کرج، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این پژوهش به دو روش ریختسنجی سنتی و هندسی، الگوی رشد جمجمهای و دوریختی جنسی خرسهای قهوهای[1] از نابالغ تا بالغ در دو جنس نر و ماده در محدودۀ رشته‌کوه البرز بررسی و مقایسه شد. داده‌های بررسی‌شده از تصاویر دو‌بعدی تهیه‌شده از نمونهها توسط نرم‌افزار ImageJ استخراج و الگوی رشد آلومتری به‌صورت تابع توانی طول کل با استفاده از داده‌های تغییر‌نیافته اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج گویای تغییرات بین بخشهای مختلف جمجمه در افراد بالغ در روش مبتنی بر شکل بود. مطالعۀ الگوی رشد آلومتری بر‌پایۀ داده‌های قابل اندازهگیری، الگوهای تغییرات جمجمه را در طول رشد بین نرها و مادهها به‌خوبی نشان داد. طی توسعۀ بخشهای مختلف جمجمه از نابالغ به بالغ دو جنس نر و ماده، رشد به شکل متعادل تا سن مشخص یعنی تا زمانی که دوریختی جنسی در دو جنس شروع به ظهور میکند ادامه مییابد. مقایسۀ اشکال به‌دست‌آمدۀ دو جنس گویای تقویت و استحکام بیشتر بخشهای مختلف جمجمه در جنس نر است. بررسی دوریختی جنسی جمجمۀ خرسها با استفاده از ریختسنجی هندسی نشان‌دهندۀ وجود دوریختی جنسی در بخشهای مختلف جمجمه در هر سه نمای پشتی، جانبی و شکمی است. به‌طور‌کلی، جمجمه در جنس نر بالغ تمایل به بزرگترشدن و استحکام به نسبت جمجمۀ مادۀ بالغ دارند. در مقابل مادههای بالغ نسبت به همنوعان نر خود جمجمۀ | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| الگوی رشدشناسی؛ جمجمه؛ خرس قهوهای؛ دوریختی جنسی؛ رشته‌کوه البرز؛ ریختسنجی هندسی. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Allometric growth pattern and sexual dimorphism of skull on brown bear(Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758)of the Alborz Mountain | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Bagher Nezami1؛ Mahmoud Karami2؛ Soheil Eagderi3؛ Mohamad Kaboli2 | ||
| 1Faculty of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was conducted to investigate theallometric growth pattern and sexual dimorphism in the skull of both sexes ofIranian brown bear (Ursus arctos) in theAlborz Mountains using geometric morphometric and traditional morphometric techniques. Morphometric parameters were obtained from 2D pictures of skulls using the software ImageJ and allometric growth pattern was calculated as a power function of total length using non-transformed data. The results revealed significant differencesbetweendifferent parts ofthe skullin both two sexes.Allometric growth patternalso showedthat differencebetweenmales and femalesduring their ontogenic growth of skull.Results showed that during development of skull parts from Immature to adult in male and female, similargrow pattern will continuetoa certainage until sexual dimorphism appears. Growth patterns is a factorfor the sexual dimorphism differences. Different charts shows more consolidate in different parts of the male skull.Based on the results, there is significant differences between skull shape of male and female of brown bear skull in ventral, dorsal and lateral faces. According to the results Males in different parts of the skull is stronger whereas have shown more length, narrower andweaker in females. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| brown bear, skull, Sexual dimorphism, allometric growth pattern, geometric morphometric | ||
| مراجع | ||
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