پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,766 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,213,182 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,960,940 |
قدرت اجتماعی و شاخص مرکزیت در شبکة بهره‌برداران مرتع در راستای مدیریت مشارکتی (منطقة مورد مطالعه: مرتع گورمؤمنین، منطقة کلاتة رودبار، دامغان) | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 68، شماره 1، خرداد 1394، صفحه 47-64 اصل مقاله (807.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53881 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| خدیجه رحیمی بالکانلو1؛ مهدی قربانی* 2؛ محمد جعفری3؛ علی طویلی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4دانشیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شناخت و آگاهی از کنشگران کلیدی در سطح جوامع محلی در راستای مدیریت مشارکتی و اجرای پروژه‌های منابع طبیعی یکی از اقدامات ضروری پیش از اجرای پروژههاست. این افراد میتوانند، به منزلة رهبران محلی و قدرتهای اجتماعی، در سامان‌دهی مدیریت مشارکتی منابع طبیعی بازویِ اجراییِ دستاندرکاران دولتی باشند. در این تحقیق سعی شده است از طریق روش تحلیل شبکه و شاخص مرکزیت در سطح خرد، شبکة بهره‌برداران مراتع، سامان عرفی گورمؤمنین در منطقة کلاتة رودبار شهرستان دامغان، قدرتهای اجتماعی، و رهبران محلی مؤثر در فرایند مدیریت مشارکتی مرتع مشخص شوند. بدین منظور، با استفاده از روش تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی، میزان مرکزیتهای درجة خروجی، ورودی، و بینابینی در سطح کنشگران، بر اساس پیوندهای اعتماد، مشارکت، و ماتریس ترکیبی اعتماد و مشارکت، در شبکة بهره‌برداران مرتع مشخص شد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، کنشگر Go-Bi (یکی از بهره‌برداران مرتع) قدرتِ کلیدی در بین بهره‌برداران مرتع گورمؤمنین شناخته شد. همچنین، کنشگران مرکزی و پیرامونی و میزان تراکم پیوندی بین آنها بر اساس شاخص مرکز- پیرامون مشخص شد. افرادی که در زیرگروه کنشگران مرکزی قرار گرفتهاند، به دلیل اقتدار و نفوذ اجتماعی بالا، میتوانند نقش مؤثری در مدیریت مشارکتی مرتع ایفا کنند. شناخت این افراد پیش از اجرای پروژه‌های منابع طبیعی تا حد زیادی میتواند به دستگاههای دولتی در گسترش اعتماد در میان افراد یاری نماید، در نتیجه، مدیریت مشارکتی موفقتری عملیاتی خواهد شد. از این افراد میتوان، به منزلة پلهای ارتباطی بین نهادهای دولتی و سایر بهره‌برداران، در توسعة پایدار روستایی استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهره‌برداران مرتع؛ تحلیل شبکه؛ شاخص مرکزیت؛ قدرت اجتماعی؛ کنشگران کلیدی؛ منطقة کلاتة رودبار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Social power and Centrality indicator of stakeholders' network toward rangeland co-management (Case study: Goormomenin rangeland- Kalateh Roudbar- Damghan) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| khadijeh rahimi balkanlou1؛ Mehdi Ghorbani2؛ mohammad jafari3؛ ali tavili4 | ||
| 1MSc student of desertification, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran. | ||
| 3Professor, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran. | ||
| 4Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most important preparation steps of co-management projects implementation is recognizing key actors at local community level. These actors can assist managers and planners as local leaders and social powers. By applying social network analysis and centrality index at actors’ level of “Goormomenin” common rangeland, Kalateh region, Daamghan city in this research, social powers and local leaders in co-management procedures were identified. By social network analysis system, in-degree, out-degree centrality and betweenness centrality at actors level were studied based on trust and cooperation matrices and a combination matrix. According to the results, one of the stakeholders “Go-Bi” is a key actor in this rangeland. Based on core-periphery index, central and peripheral actors and density were identified. Having much authority and social influence, actors at central group play key role in rangeland co-management. Before implementing natural resource management projects, recognizing these actors can help governmental organizations to develop trust among villagers so that propel successful co-management procedures. These people create bridging ties between public institutions and stakeholders in rural sustainable development plans. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Centrality indicator, Kalateh Roudbar region, Key actors, network analysis, Rangeland Users, social power | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Adams, W.M., Aveling, R., Brockington, D., Dickson, B., Elliott, J., Hutton, J., Roe, D., Vira, B., and Wolmer, W. (2004). Biodiversity conservation and the eradication of poverty, Science, 306 (5699), 1146-1149.
[2] Badripur, H. (2011). Necessary centrality of man in the Comprehensive Plan or Comprehensive Plan Natural Resources Watershed, Eighth National Conference on Science and Watershed Engineering.
[3] Bastani, S. and Raeisi, M. (2012). Social Network Analysis as a Method: Using Whole Network Approach for Studying FOSS Communities, Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 14(2).
[4] Bastani, S., Kamali, A. and Salehi, M. (2008). Social capital of network and trust mutual, Journal of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, 16(61), 40-81.
[5] Berman, S. (1997). Civil society and the collapse of the Weimar Republic, World politics, 49, 401-429.
[6] Berkes, F. and Folke, C. (1998). Linking Social and Ecological Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[7] Bodin, Ö., Crona, B. and Ernstson, H. (2006). Social networks in natural resource management – What’s there to learn from a structural perspective?, Ecology & Society, 11(2), 2. [8] Bodin, Ö. and Crona, B.I. (2008). Management of Natural Resources at the Community Level: Exploring the Role of Social Capital and Leadership in a Rural Fishing Community, World development, 36(12), 2763-2779. [9] Bodin, Ö. and Crona, B. (2009). The role of social networks in natural resource governance: What relational patterns make a difference?, Journal of Global Environmental Change, 19, 366-374. [10] Bodin, O. and Prell, C. (2011). Social network in natural resources management, Cambridge University press, 376 p. [11] Borgatti, S., Everett, M. and Freeman, L. (1999). UCINET 6.0 Version. 1.00. Analytic Technologies, Natick, MA, 47 p. [12] Borgatti, S.P. and Everett, M.G. (1999). Models of core/periphery structures, Social Networks, 21, 375-395.
[13] Brechin, S.R., Wilshusen, P.R., Fortwangler, C.L. and West, P.C. (2002). Beyond the square wheel: toward a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity conservation as social and political process, Society & Natural Resources, 15(1), 41-64.
[14] Burt, R.S. (2004). Structural holes and good ideas1, American journal of sociology, 110(2), 349-399.
[15] Carlsson, L. and Berkes, F. (2005). Co-management: concepts and methodological implications, Journal of Environmental Management, 75, 65-76.
[16] DaneshMehr, H. and Ahmadrash, R. (2009). Investigation of villagers social attitude on social cooperation, Journal of development, 1(1).
[17] Daniels, S.E. and Walker, G.B. (2001). Working through environmental conflict: The collaborativelearning approach, Westport, CT: Praeger.
[18] Ebrahimi, F., Ghorbani, M., Salajeghe, A. and Mohseni Saravi, M. (2014). Social Network Analysis; Social Power and key stakeholders in water reources Co-management plan, Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering(inpress).
[19] Ernstson, H., Sorlin, S. and Elmqvist, T. (2009). Social Movements and Ecosystem Services the Role of Social Network Structure in Protecting and Managing Urban Green Areas in Stockholm, Ecology and Society.
[20] Ghorbani, M. (2012). The role of social networks in operation mechanisms of Rangeland (Case Study: Taleghan area), Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Natural Resources, Tehran University, 430 p.
[21] Ghorbani, M. (2014). Stakeholder and social powers analysis and social network in natural resources Co-management, Journal of Range and Watershed management, 1(67).
[22] Ghorbani, M. (2014). Report of “Social network analysis; Modeling, Policy making and implication of Natural resources Co-management” Project, 270 p.
[23] Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties, American journal of sociology, 78(6), 201-233.
[24] Hanneman, R.A. (2001). Introduction to Social Network Methods, California: University of California, Riverside, 149 p. [25]Harris, G. (2007). Seeking sustainability in an age of complexity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815140.
[26] Hogan, B. (2007). Analyzing Social Networks via Internet, The Sage Publication, London.
[27] Holling, C.S. and Meff, G.K. (1996). Commands and control and pathology of natural resource management, Conservation Biology, 10(2), 328-337.
[28] Isaac, M., Erichson, E.B., Quashi-Sam, J. and Timmer, V.R. (2007). Transfer of knowledge on agroforestry management practices: Structure of informal advice networks, Ecology and Society, 12(2), 32.
[29] Klenk, N.L., Hickey, G.M., MacLellan, J.I., Gonzales, R. and Cardille, J. (2009). Social network analysis: a useful tool for visualizing and evaluating forestry research, International Forestry Review, 11(1), 134-140.
[30] Krishna, A. (2002). Active Social Capital: Tracing the Roots of Democracy and Development, Columbia University Press, New York.
[31] Mahmoudian, H. (1999). Investigation of rate and causes of villagers cooperation in plans, MS thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University.
[32] Mojtahedi, M., Maghsoudi, M., Varjavand, H. and Sheerbafi, E. (2010). Investigation of social cooperation in sabzkooh region management, National conference of Investigation of threates and causes of biodiversity destruction in central Zagros region.
[33] Mushove, P. and Vogel, C. (2005). Heads or tails? Stakeholder analysis as a tool for conservation area management, Global Environ. Change, 15, 184-198.
[34] Norberg, J. and Cumming, G.S. (2008). Complexity Theory for a Sustainable Future, Columbia University Press, New York, USA, p. 155-179.
[35] Oh, H., Chung, M.-H. and Labianca, G. (2004). Group social capital and group effectiveness: Therole of informal socializing ties, Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 860-875.
[36] Olsson, P., Folk, C. and Hahn, T. (2004). Social-Ecological Transformation for Ecosystem Management: the Development of Adaptive Co-management of a Wetland Landscape in Southern Sweden, Ecology & Society, 9(4), 2. [37] Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action: Cambridge University Press.
[38] Prell, C., Hubacek, K., Quinn, C. and Reed, M. (2008). Who᾿s in the Network? When Stakeholders influence Data Analysis, Syst Pract Action Res, 21, 443-458.
[39] Pretty, J. and Smith, D. (2004). Social capital in biodiversity conservation and management, Conservation Biology, 18(3), 631-638.
[40] Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community, Simonand Schuster, 93-116.
[41] Raeisi, M. (2008). Sociology of software development models, free / open source, MS thesis, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
[42] Ramirez-Sanchez, S. (2007). A social Relational Approach to the Conservation and Management of Fisheries: The Rural Communities of the Loreto Bay National Marine Park, BCS, Mexico, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada.
[43] Reed, M.S. (2008). Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review, Biological conservation, 141(10), 2417-2431.
[44] Salehi, M. (2003). The relationship between network social capital and mutual trust between the individuals and genders, MS thesis, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran.
[45] Schneider, M., Scholz, J., Lubell, M., Mindruta, D. and Edwardsen, M. (2003). Building Consensual Institutions: Networks and the National Estuary Program, American Journal of Political Science, 47(1),143-158.
[46] Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis: A handbook, CA: Sage, Newbury Park.
[47] Stringer, L.C., Prell, C., Reed, M.S., Hubacek, K., Fraser, E.D.G. and Dougill, A.J. (2006). Unpacking ‘participation’ in the adaptive management of socio-ecological systems: A critical review. Ecol. Society 11. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art39/ (accessed 3 October 2008).
[48] Tajbakhsh, K. (2005). Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development, A. Khakbaz and H. Pouyan, Shirazeh Publisher, Tehran, Iran.
[49] Udry, C. and Conley, T. (2004). Social networks in Ghana, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Mortal and Social Dimensions of Microeconomic Behavior in Poor Communities. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,974 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 908 |
||