پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,766 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,221,417 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,968,600 |
تحلیل فضایی رابطۀ میان کیفیت محیط شهری و سرمایۀ اجتماعی (مطالعۀ موردی: محله‌های شهر یزد) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 48، شماره 2، تیر 1395، صفحه 245-262 اصل مقاله (1.08 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2016.51247 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد رضا رضایی* 1؛ سمانه تسلیم2 | ||
| 1عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کیفیت فضاهای شهری به‌عنوان ابزار طراحان شهری درجهت ارتقا و ساماندهی محیط، قابلیت فراهمکردن بسترهای لازم برای شکل‌گیری و ارتقای سرمایۀ اجتماعی را دارند. وظایف فضاهای عمومی و شهری را می‌توان ابزاری برای ارتباطات شبکه‌های اجتماعی، مکانی برای رویارویی مراسم شهروندی و مدیریت و هماهنگ‌سازی فعالیت‌های شهروندی بیان کرد. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی رابطۀ میان کیفیت محیط شهری و سرمایۀ اجتماعی در شهر یزد است. این پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع رابطهای و مقایسه‌ای است و در آن، به‌منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از پرسشنامه و فرم برداشت میدانی، از دو روش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون تی، آزمون همبستگی، آزمون رگرسیون و آزمون واریانس) در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شد. جامعة آماری، شامل ساکنان شهر یزد با جمعیت 582,652 نفر است که 322 نفر از آنها در پنج محله به‌عنوان نمونه درنظر گرفته شدند. براساس یافته‌ها، بین کیفیت محیط شهری و سرمایۀ اجتماعی، رابطهای به میزان 748/0- وجود دارد. بهعبارتی، در محلههایی با کیفیت محیط شهری بالا، میزان سرمایۀ اجتماعی پایین و در محلههایی با کیفیت محیط شهری پایین، میزان سرمایۀ اجتماعی بالاست. در زمینۀ عوامل تشکیل‌دهندة سرمایۀ اجتماعی در کیفیت محیط شهری، اعتماد نهادی با میزان 275/0 بیشترین تأثیر را بر تبیین تغییرات کیفیت محیط شهری دارد. همچنین از میان عوامل تأثیرگذار بر وضعیت اجتماعی و اقتصادی در کیفیت محیط شهری، نوع اشتغال با میزان 414/0 بیشترین ارتباط را با کیفیت محیط شهری داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سرمایۀ اجتماعی؛ شهر یزد؛ کیفیت محیط؛ کیفیت محیط شهری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Quality of Urban Environment and Social Capital (Case Study: Quarters of Yazd City) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Rezaei1؛ Samaneh Taslim2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran | ||
| 2M.A. in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Looking anatomical- functional planning to various aspects of life in the past has caused in the late 1960s. It was influenced by the needs and knowledge of new modern social concepts such as social welfare, quality of life and social justice in the realm of planning and public outreach programs. It is essential to apply development of these concepts in order to achieve quality standards in the utility of urban environmental quality, involving environmental, cultural, social and psychological asspects. Quality of the urban environment, as aspects of quality of life, includes a sense of luxury, comfort and the satisfaction of physical factors in spatial and social economic, environmental and symbolic of their living environment. On the other hand, today beside the human capital, physical and financial capital, another capital with the name of social capital has used. Links to this concept refers to communication between members of a network as a valuable of source that they can create norms and reciprocal trust to member's goal realization. The social capital is a great option for optimization of human and physical capital and it’s a way for success. At the most general level of social capital, community or social group features increase the capacity of community and voluntary organization to solve mutual problems or general issues. Following the increase in urbanization and high-speed changes in the context of urban studies in Iran, environmental quality in urban areas has declined sharply. Another part of social capital as the relations influenced by factor is focused as a lost chain of urban planning and designs. Given the conceptual definition of social capital, fortification of its urban spaces is possible only with changes to improve urban space quality. Urban spaces are a tool for urban designers to improve and organize the environment and they have the ability to provide the necessary substrates for the formation and promotion of the social capital. In other words, points with higher degree of environmental quality have suitable substrates for the formation of social interactions and will have a higher social capital. This research is a case study in Yazd city located in Yazd province. Therefore, this study sought to identify factors, elements and indicators of the quality of urban environment and social capital and finally assess the relationship between these two concepts in Yazd. What the relationship is there between the proportion of urban environmental quality and social capital? Methodology This research has a descriptive– analytic method and in order to analyze data collected from questionnaire and field survey we used two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation Test, Analysis Of Variance and multiple regressions) in SPSS software. Results and Discussion Quality of the urban environment is an aspect of quality of life that includes a sense of luxury, comfort and the satisfaction of physical factors-spatial and social- economic- environmental and symbolic of their living environment. In other words, the quality of environment not only is related to field of the material needs of man but also provide social and community development that affect the social behavior patterns. Urban environment quality indicators used in this study are consisted of environmental, social, and physical function and anatomically is taken into consideration. Based on the average amount of social capital in the community studies, the highest average of social capital in neighborhood is pleasure and the lowest average neighborhood of Safaei indicates that there is inverse relationship between all areas of urban environmental quality and social capital. Because there are firm relationships between social capital and urban environment quality with the planning in the sectors that social capital and environment quality is low, increase the quality of these cases in sectors. Conclusions In sum, social capital is the set of relationships between individual characteristics such as partnership, trust, social cohesion, and safety study that examines the relationship between social capital and environmental quality in the city of Yazd. It has the results and observations in the areas under study. It was indicated that there is an inverse relationship between social capital and environmental quality. This means social capital increases in the level of environmental quality is diminished that this field studies and surveys in the neighborhood was confirmed. The rugged interpersonal relationships, communication and trust rates are significantly higher that are redolent linked to social capital. In other words, environment quality is impressible from state organizations more than people that live in garter. That means despite high social capital in the bottom areas, there is not good attention of government and environmental quality are low. These areas are suffering from unlikelihood.Meanwhile uptown neighborhoods with low social capital due to the special attention of organizations had relatively good quality of the environment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Social capital, urban quality environment, Yazd city | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
بحرینی، حسین و منوچهر طبیبیان، 1377، مدل ارزیابی کیفیت محیط زیست شهری، مجلة محیط‌شناسی، شمارة 21، صص 56- 91. مصطفوی، محمدحسن، 1387، عوامل مؤثر بر سطح سرمایۀ اجتماعی و راهکارهای ارتقای آن، مهندسی فرهنگی، سال سوم، شمارۀ 23- 24، صص 10- 31. مولودی، جمشید، 1388، سنجش کیفیت محیط شهری در شهرهای جدید (مطالعة موردی: شهر جدید هشتگرد)، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیتمدرس، تهران. رفیعیان، مجتبی، مولودی، جمشید و مهدی پورطاهری، 1390، سنجش کیفیت محیط شهری در شهرهای جدید (مطالعة موردی: شهر جدید هشتگرد)، برنامه‌ریزی و آمایش فضا (مدرس علوم انسانی)، سال پانزدهم، شمارة 3، صص 19- 38. رییس دانا، فریبرز، 1384، فقر در ایران، رفاه اجتماعی، سال چهارم، شمارة 17، صص 54- 82.
راستبین، ساجد، جعفری، یاسر، دارم، یاسمن و امیرمحمد معززی مهرطهران، 1391، رابطة همبستگی بین کیفیت‌های محیطی و تداوم حیات شهری در عرصه‌های عمومی (نمونة موردی: جلفای اصفهان)، باغ نظر، سال نهم، شمارة 21، صص 35- 46. شارعپور، محمد، 1385، سرمایۀ اجتماعی،مفهوم‌سازی،سنجش و دلالت‌های سیاستگذاری اجتماعی، سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، مازندران. صالحی، اسماعیل، 1387، طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی امنیت در محیط زیست شهری، سازمان شهرداری‌ها و دهیاری‌های کشور، تهران. شجاعی باغینی، محمدمهدی، 1387، مبانی مفهومی سرمایۀ اجتماعی، پژوهشکدۀ مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی، تهران.
Bahraini, H. and Tabibiyan, M., 1998, An Assessment Model for the Quality of Urban Environment, Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 21, PP. 56-91. (In Persian)
Carp, F., Carp, A., Carp, F. M. and Carp, A., 1982, Perceived Environmental Quality of Neighborhoods: Development of Assessment Scales and Their Relation to Age and Gender, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 2, No. 4, PP. 295-312. Golany, G. S. and Ojima, T., 1996, Geo-Space Urban Design, John Wiley & Sons.
Gahl, J., 1987, Life between Buildings, Translated by: Koch, J.,Van Nostrand, R., New York.
Mostafavi, M. H., 2008, Factors Affecting the Level of Social Capital and Strategies to
Promote, Cultural Engineering Journal, Vol. 3, No. 23-24, PP. 10-31. (In Persian)
Mowloudi, J., 2008, Measuring the Quality of Urban Environment in New Cities (Case Study: Hashtgherd), MS Thesis, Tarbiyat Modares University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Marans, R., 2003, The Policy and Research Benefits of Quality of Urban Life Studies, Istanbul Technology University: Urban and Environmental Planning University, Urban and Environmental Planning and Research Center.
Myers, D., 1998, Bullying Knowledge about Quality of Life for Urban Planning, Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 54, PP. 347-350.
Rafieyan, M., Mowloudi, J., Pourtaheri, M., 2010, Measuring the Quality of Urban Environment in new Cities Hashtgerd, Planning Journal Space, Vol. 54, PP. 19-38. (In Persian)
Raeece Dana, F., 2005, Poverty in Iran, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation, No. 4, Vol. 17, PP. 54-82. (In Persian)
Rastbin, S., Jafari, Y.Daram, Y. and Moazezi Mehrtehran, A. M., 2012, Correlation between Environmental Quality and Sustainability of Urban Life in the Public Arena, Magazine Bagh Nazar, Vol. 9, No. 21, PP. 35-46. (In Persian)
Sharepour, M., 2006, Social Capital: Conceptualization, Measurement and Implications of Policy, Organization of Management and Planning, Mazandaran. (In Persian)
Shojai Baghini, M. M., 2008, Conceptual Foundations of Social Capital, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies. (In Persian)
Salehi, S, 2008, Characteristics of Urban Space Secure, Center for Urban Research and Architecture, Tehran. (In Persian)
Spellerberg, A., 2001, (Social policy) Assisted by the Social Capital in New Zealand, Tari Tatau, Wellington, New Zealand.
Van Poll, R., 1997, The Perceived Quality of the Urban Residential Environment, A Multi-Attribute Evaluation, PhD Thesis, University of Groningen (Rug), The Netherland, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 6, PP. 65-78.
Van Kamp I., Leidel Meijer, K., Marsman, G. and De Hollander, A., 2003, Urban Environmental Quality and Human Well-being towards conceptual framework and demarcation of concepts, A Literature Study, Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 65, PP. 5-18. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,798 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 996 |
||