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بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کنندة رشد بهره‌وری و فقر در مناطق روستایی ایران | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 1، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 351806، دی 1389، صفحه 99-121 اصل مقاله (180.29 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرشاد مومنی؛ محمدقلی یوسفی؛ اصغر مبارک | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مطابق نظریه‌های متداول اقتصادی، رشد اقتصادی و افزایش بهره‌وری نقش مهمی در کاهش فقر ایفا می‌کنند. اما در این میان، خود رشد اقتصادی و بهره‌وری نیز از عوامل زیادی نظیر سرمایه‌گذاری، سطح آموزش و مهارت نیروی کار، زیرساخت‌ها و مسائل نهادی از قبیل امنیت، حقوق مالکیت و دیگر نهادهای حقوقی و قضایی تأثیر می‌پذیرند. در نوشتار حاضر، تأثیر رشد اقتصادی و بهره‌وری و همچنین نهادهایی نظیر حقوق مالکیت، امنیت و مسائل حقوقی و قضایی بر فقر در جامعة روستایی ایران و با استفاده از سیستم معادلات همزمان برای دوره 1386-1360 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج به‌دست آمده حاکی از آن است که افزایش دستمزدهای واقعی در بخش کشاورزی، افزایش بهره‌وری نیروی انسانی، بهبود رابطة مبادله به نفع بخش کشاورزی و افزایش هزینه‌های دولت، از عوامل مؤثر بر کنترل و کاهش فقر در مناطق روستایی به‌شمار می‌آیند. نتایج بررسی نشان می‌دهد که به استثنای افزایش دستمزد و بهره‌وری، ضرایب سایر مؤلفه‌ها از نظر آماری معنی‌دار نیستند. متغیر بیکاری ارتباطی قوی ـ و از نظر آماری معنی‌داری ـ با افزایش فقر روستایی دارد. از طرفی دیگر، متغیر رشد اقتصادی رابطة مثبتی را با فقر روستایی نشان می‌دهد، که اگر چه از نظر آماری معنی‌دار نیست اما نشان از آن دارد که برای کاهش فقر تأکید صرف بر رشد اقتصادی کافی نیست. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهره‌وری نیروی کار؛ رشد اقتصادی؛ فقر؛ معادلات همزمان؛ نهادها | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determinants of Growth, Labour Productivity and Poverty in Rural Areas of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| farshad momeni؛ mohammad gholi yousefi؛ asghar mobarak | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The purpose of this study has been to study eterminants of growth, labor productivity and poverty in rural areas of Iran. The contribution of agriculture and rural development to pro-poor growth.stem from many sources: It Plays an important, and often a lead, role in the early stages of pro-poor growth. Beyond its direct contribution to growth, a number of features specific to the sector enhance its contribution to pro-poor growth, including the concentration of the poor in the sector, the large size of its growth linkages to other sectors, and the positive externalities from assuring food security and reducing food prices. While no doubt the global economy has the potential to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and speed technological change, which are the short-run and long-run sources of economic growth,nevertheless it is Pro-poor economic growth which is the basic vehicle for reducing poverty. Although, after Islamic Revolution of Iran victory, existed formations as Shoora-e-Eslami, Khane-e-Hamyar, Daftar-e-Omran-e-Roostayi and so on in rurals. But of lack of being efficient fundamentals and performance organizations didn't achieve the more success. Because of these disorders in the 1377, approved establishment of the self-efficient dehyaris law in the rural. With regard to this law, rurals with up to 20 family, must have a Dehyar and predicted that until the end of forth program, establish the Dehyari for all rural with families up 20. These rural, includes 53/4 percent of all of rural in the country that have a 95/3 percent of rural population in Iran.in this model show the relative influence of each domain on the quality of life. As indicates the share of each domain in the quality of life is not equal. Domain of housing has the highest of causal effects, and later domains are the information and communications, income and wealth.Increased agricultural productivity plays a central role in promoting pro-poor growth, especially in the early stages of development and when productivity growth results in lower food prices. Productivity plays a significant role in increasing conomic growth and competitiveness of a country in international market also. It not only saves energy and resources and help allocation of resources efficiently, but also helps to to increase the standard of living. Through higher level of income and output, it, thereby, reduces the level of poverty. Therefore every country rich and the poor try to increase its productivity. However, determinants of productivity differ among countries. Finding the main determinants of productivity is very important. Using simultaneous equations during the period1360-1386 and taking into account various variables such as wage rate ,agriculture terms of trade with non-agricultural sectors, infrastructure such as electricity and institutions such as property rights, rule of law , transparency in rules and regulations and, security for which we have taken the number of registered court petitions and litigation documents regarding willful murder, manslaughter, assault, battery and threat for security ,the documents related to the lessor and the lessee , robbery, drawing bad cheques for property rights, and aggression and for rules and regulations, driving without license ,driving regulations offences destruction ,forcible possession and detainer nuisance and other dispute documents for transparency in law and order and bribery and forgery and embezzlement for corruption as explanatory variables together with growth and productivity of agricultural sector. The result show that while increase in the variables such as wage rate, productivity, government investment on infrastructure and terms of trade, play a positive rule in poverty education, however, with the exception of wage rate and labor productivity the coefficients were not statistically significant .Growth and unemployment has had positive relationship with poverty level, though the coefficient of growth were not statistically significant. This , however, indicate that reliance on economic growth for poverty reduction, alone, is not sufficient .On the other hand variables such as education and economic growth has had positive and statistically significant impact on labor productivity in agricultural sector, while infrastructure and institutions has had negative impact. As for the economic growth, the variables such as openness to world trade ,education and government investment for infrastructure has had positive impact ,while institutions appeared to be the main hindrance factor of economic growth and poverty reductions ,indicating that markets work if they have rules, enforcement mechanisms, and organizations promoting market transactions. This finding thus emphasize on both institutions that support growth and those that directly affect access of people left out of many market activities. It considers those institutions that provide opportunities for people and that empower them. With the exception of government expenditure for infrastructure development, the other coefficients were statistically significant. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agricultural productivity, economic growth, Institutions, Poverty Reduction, Structural transformation | ||
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