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Ugochukwu Madu, Francis, Iroha Akubugwo, Emmanuel, Ekwutosi Ogbulie, Toochukwu, Obinwa Uhegbu, Friday, Solomon Agoro, Eni-yimini, Ulunma Nwosu, Oluchi, Ugbonma Ugenyi, Assumpta, Chioma Ononogbo, Purity, Chinwenmeri Madu, Miracle. (1404). Characterization of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Implications in Poorly Ventilated Chemical Retail Outlets: Evidence from Ogbo-Ogwu Market. , 11(3), 703-714. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.382761.2566
Francis Ugochukwu Madu; Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo; Toochukwu Ekwutosi Ogbulie; Friday Obinwa Uhegbu; Eni-yimini Solomon Agoro; Oluchi Ulunma Nwosu; Assumpta Ugbonma Ugenyi; Purity Chioma Ononogbo; Miracle Chinwenmeri Madu. "Characterization of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Implications in Poorly Ventilated Chemical Retail Outlets: Evidence from Ogbo-Ogwu Market". , 11, 3, 1404, 703-714. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.382761.2566
Ugochukwu Madu, Francis, Iroha Akubugwo, Emmanuel, Ekwutosi Ogbulie, Toochukwu, Obinwa Uhegbu, Friday, Solomon Agoro, Eni-yimini, Ulunma Nwosu, Oluchi, Ugbonma Ugenyi, Assumpta, Chioma Ononogbo, Purity, Chinwenmeri Madu, Miracle. (1404). 'Characterization of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Implications in Poorly Ventilated Chemical Retail Outlets: Evidence from Ogbo-Ogwu Market', , 11(3), pp. 703-714. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.382761.2566
Ugochukwu Madu, Francis, Iroha Akubugwo, Emmanuel, Ekwutosi Ogbulie, Toochukwu, Obinwa Uhegbu, Friday, Solomon Agoro, Eni-yimini, Ulunma Nwosu, Oluchi, Ugbonma Ugenyi, Assumpta, Chioma Ononogbo, Purity, Chinwenmeri Madu, Miracle. Characterization of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Implications in Poorly Ventilated Chemical Retail Outlets: Evidence from Ogbo-Ogwu Market. , 1404; 11(3): 703-714. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.382761.2566

Characterization of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Implications in Poorly Ventilated Chemical Retail Outlets: Evidence from Ogbo-Ogwu Market

Pollution
دوره 11، شماره 3، مهر 2025، صفحه 703-714    اصل مقاله (566.05 K)
نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/poll.2025.382761.2566
نویسندگان
Francis Ugochukwu Madu* 1؛ Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo2؛ Toochukwu Ekwutosi Ogbulie3؛ Friday Obinwa Uhegbu2؛ Eni-yimini Solomon Agoro4؛ Oluchi Ulunma Nwosu1؛ Assumpta Ugbonma Ugenyi1؛ Purity Chioma Ononogbo5؛ Miracle Chinwenmeri Madu6
1Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo Nigeria
2Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu Nigeria
3Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria
4Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria
5Medical Centre Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma, Nigeria
6Department of Community Health, Abia State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology Aba, Nigeria
چکیده
This study investigated the impact of poor ventilation on air quality and health risks in chemical stores at Ogbo-Ogwu Market, Onitsha, Nigeria. Over a three-month period, particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10, and TSP) was measured with an aerocet (531) particulate analyzer in six chemical stores of three storekeepers from each and compared their concentrations to those in control clothing stores located 1.1 km away. Biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. The results revealed that particulate concentrations in chemical stores were significantly higher than in control stores, indicating elevated pollutant concentrations due to inadequate ventilation. The Exposure Factor-Adjusted Air Concentration (EF-AAC) and Hazard Quotients (HQ) metrics further highlighted substantial health risks, with chemical store environments posing greater hazards compared to controls. Biomarker analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) showed increased oxidative stress and inflammation among chemical storekeepers, as evidenced by higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). These biomarkers correlate with the physiological impacts of prolonged particulate exposure and suggest an elevated risk of respiratory conditions, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This research underscores the critical need for improved ventilation in chemical stores to mitigate health risks. The findings provide valuable insights into occupational health challenges in developing regions and highlight the importance of enhancing air quality management to protect workers' health in similar environments worldwide.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Chemical Storekeepers؛ Exhaled Breath Condensate؛ Hazard Quotient؛ Indoor Air Quality؛ Particulates
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