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ارزیابی پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیکی و زیستمحیطی فلز سنگین کادمیوم در خاک (مطالعه موردی: اراضی شهرِری، استان تهران) | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 56، شماره 5، مرداد 1404، صفحه 1401-1420 اصل مقاله (1.83 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.387772.669861 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
شهلا رحمانی سیالرز؛ علی کشاورزی* ؛ فریدون سرمدیان | ||
گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین، بهویژه کادمیوم (Cd)، یکی از چالشهای جدی زیستمحیطی است که تأثیرات منفی قابلتوجهی بر اکوسیستمها و سلامت انسان دارد. این مطالعه به ارزیابی پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیکی و زیستمحیطی فلز کادمیوم در بخشی از اراضی منطقه شهرِری استان تهران میپردازد. در این راستا، نمونهبرداری از 41 نقطه در عمق 0 تا 20 سانتیمتری خاک انجام شد و غلظت کل عنصر کادمیوم با استفاده از دستگاه طیفسنجی نشری اتمی پلاسمای جفتشده القایی (OES–ICP) پس از هضم نمونهها با آکوا رجیا مطابق استانداردEPA 3050B مورد اندازهگیری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت کادمیوم برابر با 79/0 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم بوده و دامنه تغییرات آن بین 17/0 تا 05/2 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم قرار دارد که این مقادیر پایین تر ازحد مجاز استانداردهای سازمان محیط زیست در ایران است. برای ارزیابی آلودگی، شاخصهای زیستمحیطی شامل زمین انباشتگی (Igeo)، فاکتور آلودگی (CF)، فاکتور غنیشدگی (EF) و پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیکی (ER) محاسبه شد. شاخص زمین انباشتگی با دامنه تغییرات (77/2-82/0-)، پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیکی با کمینه و بیشینه (50/307-50/25)، شاخص غنیشدگی با دامنه تغییرات (57/8-69/0) و فاکتور آلودگی نیز با دامنه تغییرات (25/10-85/0) نشاندهنده وضعیت آلودگی متوسط تا نسبتاً زیاد اکثر نمونههای خاک به عنصر کادمیوم در منطقه مورد بررسی هستند. تحلیل این چهار شاخص به همراه بازدیدهای میدانی از منطقه، تأییدکننده این واقعیت است که فعالیتهای انسانی تأثیر قابلتوجهی در افزایش غلظت این فلز سنگین در خاکهای سطحی منطقه دارند .این مطالعه بر لزوم مدیریت صحیح آبیاری و کوددهی تأکید دارد تا از انباشت فلزات سنگین جلوگیری شود. همچنین، نتایج بهوضوح نشاندهنده تأثیر فعالیتهای صنعتی و کشاورزی بر افزایش غلظت کادمیوم در خاکهای منطقه است، که میتواند عواقب جدی برای سلامت انسان و محیطزیست داشته باشد. باتوجهبه یافتهها، اقدامات فوری برای کاهش آلودگی و حفاظت از منابع خاک ضروری است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
کادمیوم؛ آلودگی خاک؛ ارزیابی پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیکی؛ شاخصهای زیستمحیطی؛ سلامت انسان | ||
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