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مروری بر برخی مطالعات، روشها و برآوردهای فرسایش خاک و رسوبدهی در ایران | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 56، شماره 5، مرداد 1404، صفحه 1119-1145 اصل مقاله (2.51 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.388015.669866 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
امید رحمتی* 1؛ فریبا احمدی دهرشید1؛ سید مسعود سلیمانپور2؛ بهرام چوبین3 | ||
1بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
2بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
3بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
چکیده | ||
فرسایش خاک و تولید رسوب از جمله تهدیدهای جدی محیطزیستی در جهان به شمار میرود که تاثیرات منفی زیادی بر کشاورزی، منابع طبیعی و بومسازگان دارد. عدم اطلاع کافی از نتایج روشهای مختلف برآورد و اندازهگیری فرسایش خاک به عنوان یک چالش جدی در مطالعات فرسایش خاک کشور مطرح است. این پژوهش برخی از مهمترین مطالعات انجامشده در زمینه فرسایش خاک و رسوبدهی در ایران را بررسی مینماید. در ابتدا، مطالعات فرسایش آبی انجام گرفته در داخل کشور در بین سالهای 1351 و 1403 در پایگاههای مختلف علمی مانند پایگاه مرکز اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی، بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور و Google Scholar جستوجو و جمعآوری شد. منابع علمی مزبور از جوانب و دیدگاههای مختلف طبقهبندی شده و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. سپس روشهای مختلف اندازهگیری و برآورد فرسایش خاک، از جمله مدلهای ریاضی و تجربی و همچنین برآوردهای موجود از میزان فرسایش خاک و رسوبدهی در ایران ارائه و معرفی شدند. نتایج مطالعات بررسی شده نشان میدهند که میزان فرسایش خاک در حوزههای آبخیز مختلف ایران بهطور قابلتوجهی متفاوت است و به طور متوسط بین 5 تا 68 تن در هکتار در سال گزارش شده است. این تفاوتها تحت تاثیر عوامل اقلیمی و محلی ازجمله ویژگیهای جغرافیایی، نوع خاک، پوشش گیاهی، ناهمواری و فعالیتهای انسانی قرار دارند. توزیع مکانی استفاده از مدلهای RUSLE، MPSIAC، EPM، WEPP، ICONA و SLEMSA در کشور ارائه شده است. برخی از مطالعات فرسایش خاک در کشور بدون درنظر گرفتن فرضیات و دامنه کاربرد مدلها، از مدلها برای تخمین فرسایش خاک پرداختهاند. یافتههای مبتنی بر تحلیلهای مقایسهای مطالعات فرسایش خاک در مقیاس کشوری، ضمن شناسایی خلاها و فرصتهای تحقیقاتی میتواند موجب بهبود برنامههای مدیریت خاک و حفظ منابع طبیعی در ایران شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
حوزه آبخیز؛ فرسایش خاک؛ مدلهای تجربی؛ پیشبینی | ||
مراجع | ||
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