Testing the Effectiveness of Different Soil Media in Batch-Operated Lab-Scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater treatment Using Twin-Hearth Furnace Slag

Aalam, T., & Khalil, N. (2019). Performance of horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands with different flow patterns using dual media for low-strength municipal wastewater: A case of pilot scale experiment in a tropical climate region. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 54(12), 1245-1253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1635857.
APHA-AWWA-WEF, (2017). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23rd Edition, Washington, DC.
CPCB, (2021). National inventory of sewage treatment plants. Central pollution control board, India .
EPA, Environmental protection Agency (1988). Design manual constructed wetlands and aquatic plants systems for municipal wastewater treatment. Washington, DC: EPA Office of Research and Development, 83 p.
Ergaieg, K., Msaddek, M. H., Kallel, A., & Trabelsi, I. (2021). Monitoring of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08419-y.
Ge, Y., Wang, X., Zheng, Y., Dzakpasu, M., Zhao, Y., & Xiong, J. (2015). Functions of slags and gravels as substrates in large-scale demonstration constructed wetland systems for polluted river water treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 12982-12991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4573-9.
Gomes, H. I., Mayes, W. M., Whitby, P., & Rogerson, M. (2019). Constructed wetlands for steel slag leachate management: Partitioning of arsenic, chromium, and vanadium in waters, sediments, and plants. Journal of environmental management, 243, 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.127.
Guo, W. J., Zhao, L. Y., Zhao, W. H., Li, Q. Y., & Wu, Z. B. (2017). Phosphorus sorption capacities of steel slag in pilot-scale constructed wetlands for treating urban runoff: saturation potential and longevity. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 51, No. 1, p. 012021). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/51/1/012021.
World Health Organization. (1989). Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture: report of a WHO scientific group [meeting held in Geneva from 18 to 23 November 1987]. 
He, H., Duan, Z., Wang, Z., & Yue, B. (2017). The removal efficiency of constructed wetlands filled with the zeolite-slag hybrid substrate for the rural landfill leachate treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 17547-17555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9402-x.
Jethwa, K., Bajpai, S., & Chaudhari, P. K. (2020). Application of a Low-Cost Technology to Treat Domestic Sewage and to Improve Fertility of a Barren Lateritic Soil. Environmental Processes and Management: Tools and Practices, 201-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38152-3_11.
James, A. P. (2017). Phytoremediation for sewage treatment by varying load constructed wetland under hydroponic condition using vetiver grass. Int. J. Innov. Res. Technol. Sci. Eng., 6(6), 11844-11846. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0606170.
Khouja, I., M’Hiri, F., Ouzari, H. I., & Saidi, N. (2020). Removal processes of indicator organisms and opportunistic pathogens in an anaerobic digester‐constructed wetland system. Water and Environment Journal, 34, 342-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12531. 
Kumar Swarnakar, A. , Bajpai, S. and Ahmad, I. (2023). Performance Evaluation of Different Soil Media by Batch-Operated Pilot-Scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. Pollution, 9(4), 1567-1578. https://doi: 10.22059/poll.2023.357480.1855
Korkusuz, E. A., Beklioglu, M., & Demirer, G. N. (2005). Comparison of the treatment performances of blast furnace slag-based and gravel-based vertical flow wetlands operated identically for domestic wastewater treatment in Turkey. Ecological Engineering, 24(3), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.10.002.
Liu, Y., Liu, X. H., Wang, H. C., Li, Z. L., Liang, B., Sun, Y. L., & Wang, A. J. (2023). Pyrite coupled with steel slag to enhance simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands. Chemical Engineering Journal, 470 p 143944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.143944.
Morvannou, A., Masson, M., Gautier, M., Bisone, S., Richard, L., Boutin, C., & Forquet, N. (2022). Fate of phosphorus from treated wastewater in soil-based constructed wetlands. Sci.of the Total Env., 816, 151589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151589.
Mesquita, M. C., Albuquerque, A., Amaral, L., & Nogueira, R. (2017). Seasonal variation of nutrient removal in a full-scale horizontal constructed wetland. Energy Procedia, 136, 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.246.
Mishra, A., & Guzzarlapudi, S. D. (2022, September). Development of Shakedown Criteria for Prediction of Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Modified UGMs with THF Steel Slag. In International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure Projects: Conception to Execution (pp. 63-77). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi:org/10.1007/978-981-99-3142-2_6. 
Murmu, M., Mohanta, N. R., & Bapure, N. (2023). Study on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete with steel slag as partial replacement for natural aggregates. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi:org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.151.
Patyal, V., Jaspal, D., & Khare, K. (2021). Materials in constructed wetlands for wastewater remediation: A review. Water Environment Research, 93(12), 2853-2872. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1648.
Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., Delaune, R. D., Kang, B. H., Kang, S. W., Cho, J. S., ... & Seo, D. C. (2016). Enhancement of phosphorus removal with near-neutral pH utilizing steel and ferronickel slags for application of constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering, 95, 612-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.052.
Petitjean, A., Forquet, N., Choubert, J. M., Coquery, M., Bouyer, M., & Boutin, C. (2015). Land characterisation for soil-based constructed wetlands: Adapting investigation methods to design objectives. Water Practice and Technology, 10(4), 660-668. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.078.
Papadopoulos, N., & Zalidis, G. (2019). The use of Typha Latifolia L. in constructed wetland microcosms for the remediation of herbicide Terbuthylazine. Environmental Processes, 6(4), 985-1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-019-00398-3.
Paruch, A. M., Mæhlum, T., Haarstad, K., Blankenberg, A. G. B., & Hensel, G. (2016). Performance of constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater in Norway over a quarter of a century–options for nutrient removal and recycling. Natural and Constructed Wetlands: Nutrients, heavy metals and energy cycling, and flow, 41-55. https://doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-38927-1_3. 
Singh, B. J., Chakraborty, A., Sehgal, R. (2023). A systematic review of industrial wastewater management: Evaluating challenges and enablers. Journal of Environmental Management, 348, 119230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119230.
Shukla, R., Gupta, D., & Mishra, V. K. (2023). Investigation of treatment potential of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland for the treatment of secondary treated sewage. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(3), 2965-2974. doi:org/10.1007/s13762-023-05108-z.
Singh, R. P., Wu, J., & Fu, D. (2019). Purification of water contaminated with Hg using horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 9697-9706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04260-9. 
Swarnakar, A., Bajpai, S., & Ahmad, I. (2023). Comparative Study Of Pilot-Scale Soil Base Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Under Different Operational Conditions For Wastewater Treatment. Larhyss Journal P-ISSN 1112-3680/E-ISSN 2521-9782, (56), 39-54.
Swarnakar AK, Bajpai S, Ahmad I. Evaluation of the performance of different soil-base horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. European Chemical Bulletin, 12(7), 2023, 1842-1851. doi: 10.48047/ecb/2023.12.7.1412023.14/06/2023 
Tuck CC (2022) Mineral Commodity Summaries: Iron and steel slag, 2022. U.S. Geological Survey. 
Wang, H., Sheng, L., & Xu, J. (2021). Clogging mechanisms of constructed wetlands: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, p 126455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126455.
Xu, D., Xu, J., Wu, J., & Muhammad, A. (2006). Studies on the phosphorus sorption capacity of substrates used in constructed wetland systems. Chemosphere, 63(2), 344-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.036.  
Yadav, A., Chazarenc, F., & Mutnuri, S. (2018). Development of the “French system” vertical flow constructed wetland to treat raw domestic wastewater in India. Ecological engineering, 113, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.01.001.
Zhao, Y., Liu, B., Zhang, W., Kong, W., Hu, C., & An, S. (2009). Comparison of the treatment performances of high-strength wastewater in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Acorus calamus and Lythrum salicaria. Journal of Health Science, 55(5), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.55.757.